Impacto de un modelo de movilización social sobre la promoción de la actividad física en afiliados al sistema de seguridad social en salud

The impact of a social mobilisation model on promoting physical activity amongst people affiliated to the colombian social health security system

Objetivo. Desarrollar un Modelo de Movilización Social de promoción de la actividad física como estrategia fundamental de salud.
Métodos. Se constituyeron tres poblaciones del Sistema de Seguridad Social en Salud: afiliados al Régimen Contributivo, profesionales de la salud vinculados a EPS, y funcionarios públicos. Se determinó nivel de actividad física, conocimientos, creencias y actitudes, barreras culturales y ambientales, además de aspectos como recomendación por profesionales de la salud y políticas establecidas por funcionarios públicos, y se elaboró el Modelo de intervención.
Resultados. La línea de base mostró que la mayoría de afiliados se consideran activos pero en forma inadecuada; reconocen beneficios de la práctica regular pero apenas consideran la posibilidad de realizarla; las principales barreras fueron la falta de autodisciplina, tiempo y necesidad de descansar en su tiempo libre; un alto porcentaje de profesionales de la salud no la recomiendan a sus pacientes y la mayoría de funcionarios públicos manifestaron que está incluida en los planes de desarrollo municipal. Se evaluó el impacto del Modelo identificándose que en las tres poblaciones se generó mayor reconocimiento de la Actividad Física para la salud; modificaron la concepción respecto al tiempo y frecuencia recomendada y se generó mayor cambio de actitud, aunque se mantuvieron las barreras culturales. Los profesionales presentaron cambios relacionados con la percepción de su estado de salud y tendencia a aumentar la recomendación en la consulta médica.
Discusión. El modelo de movilización social probó la eficacia de promocionar la actividad física para la prevención de enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles.

Objective. Developing a model of social mobilisation for promoting physical activity as a fundamental health strategy.
Methods. Three social health security system groups were considered: people affiliated to the contributive regime, health professionals involved with an EPS and public functionaries. People's levels of physical activity, knowledge, beliefs and attitudes and cultural and environmental barriers were determined; health professionals' recommendations and public policy were also taken into account. An intervention model was then constructed on the foregoing information.
Results. The database revealed that most affiliates considered themselves to be active but not in a suitable way; they recognised the benefits of engaging in regular physical activity but they barely considered the possibility of practising it. The main barriers were a lack of self-discipline, lack of time and the need for resting during their free time. A high percentage of health professionals did not recommend it to their patients; most public functionaries stated that physical activity was included in their cities' development strategies. The model's impact was evaluated; it was seen that greater recognition of physical activity was produced in the three groups after applying the model. The concept of recommended time and frequency for physical activity became modified and a greater change in attitudes was produced. However, cultural barriers remained. Health professionals presented changes related to their perception of their state of health and they tended to increase their recommendation for physical activity during medical visits.
Discussion. The social mobilisation model proved the efficiency of promoting physical activity for preventing non-transmissible chronic diseases.