Correo Electrónico
DNINFOA - SIA
Bibliotecas
Convocatorias
Identidad U.N.
Publicado
Revisión de la efectividad de los ingredientes de productos alternativos para la pérdida de peso
A systematic review of the effectiveness of alternative weight-loss products' ingredients
Palabras clave:
Pérdida de peso, suplementos dietéticos, terapias complementarias, obesidad (es)Weight loss, dietary supplement, complementary therapy, obesity (en)
Descargas
Objetivo. La alta demanda para el tratamiento de la obesidad y la poca efectividad de las terapias convencionales favorecen el consumo de productos alternativos. Evaluar ensayos clínicos aleatorios sobre la pérdida de peso con los ingredientes de los productos alternativos de mayor consumo en México.
Metodología. Se realizó una encuesta para valorar la prevalencia de consumo de productos alternativos para la pérdida de peso en Ensenada, Baja California. Se investigaron los productos más vendidos y se obtuvieron los componentes activos. Se revisaron ensayos clínicos aleatorios registrados en Pubmed para los componentes activos mas utilizados. Se incluyeron y analizaron aquéllos que evaluaran cambios en el peso.
Resultados. Treinta y seis porciento de los encuestados han utilizado algún método alternativo para la pérdida de peso (83 % mujeres). Los productos más referidos fueron licuados, tés, pastillas y linaza. Se encontraron 16 ensayos clínicos aleatorios de cuatro ingredientes: Garcinia Cambodia, té verde, L-carnitina y linaza. Solamente dos estudios demostraron una pérdida de peso significativa (2 5 %) entre el grupo control y el experimental. En los estudios de L-Carnitina y linaza no se encontró una diferencia significativa.
Conclusión. Se concluye que no hay evidencias suficientes y de calidad que justifiquen la utilización de los productos alternativos para la pérdida de peso.
Objective. The high demand for obesity treatment and conventional therapies' lack of effectiveness increases the use of alternative products. This study was aimed at assessing evidence from randomised clinical trials regarding the effectiveness of alternative weight-loss products' ingredients.
Methods. A survey was conducted in Ensenada, Baja California, to assess the frequency of consuming alternative products used for weight reduction. The ingredients in the products most in demand were included in this review. The Pubmed database was searched for all randomised clinical trial papers including these ingredients and assessing weight loss.
Results. Thirty-six percent of the subjects questioned had used alternative methods for weight-loss, 83% of them being women. The most frequently used products were shakes, tea, pills and flaxseed/linseed. Sixteen randomised clinical trials using four ingredients were used: Garcinia cambogia, green tea, L-carnitina and flaxseed. Only two studies (green tea and Garcinia cambogia) showed significant weight-loss (25%) amongst control and experimental groups. There was no significant difference between the groups in the studies regarding L-carnitina and flaxseed.
Conclusions. There is a lack of evidence regarding quality studies justifying the use of alternative products for weight loss.
Referencias
The World Health Organization warns of the rising threat of heart disease and stroke as overweight and obesity rapidly increase [internet]. Disponible en: http://www.who.int/mediacentre/news/releases/2005/pr44/en/index.html. Consultado abril 2008.
World Health Organization. Obesity: Preventing and managing the global epidemic. Tech Report Serv 2000; 894:1-253.
Rivera JA, Barquera S, Campirano F, Campos I, Safdie M, Tovar V. Epidemiological and nutricional transition in México: rapid increase of non-communicable chronic diseases and obesity Public Health Nutrition 2002; 5(1A): 113-122.
Jimenez-Cruz A, Bacardi Gascon M. Prevalence of Overweight and Hunger among Mexican Children from Migrant Parents. Nutr Hosp 2007;22(1):85-8.
Jimenez-Cruz A, Bacardi-Gascon M, Jones E. Extreme Obesity among Children in Mexico. J Pediatrics 2007; 151(3):e12-e13.
Toussaint MG. Obesidad en niños. Bol Hosp Inf Mex 2007; 64: 347-348.
Comuzzie AG, Allison DB. The Search for Human Obesity Genes. Science 1999; 280. (5368): 1374 137.
Proietto J. Why staying lean is not a matter of ethics. MJA 1999; 171: 611-613.
Dietz WH. Health consequences of overweight in youth: childhood predictors of adult disease. Pediatrics 1998; 101:518-525.
Dulloo AG, Jacquet J, Seydoux J, Montani JP. The thrifty `catch-up fat' phenotype:its impact on insulin sensitivity during growth trajectories to obesity and metabolic syndrome. Int J Obes 2006; 30 (Supl. 2): S23-35.
Jiménez-Cruz A, Bacardi-Gascon M. The fattening burden of type 2 diabetes to Mexicans: projections from early growth to adulthood. Diabetes Care 2004;27(5): 1190-1193.
Aronne LJ, Isoldi KK. Overweight and obesity: key components of cardiometabolic risk. Clin Cornerstone 2007; 8(3): 29-37.
Hill JO, Sallis JF, Peters JC. Economic Analysis of Eating and Physical Activity. A Next Step for Research and Policy Change. Am J Prev Med 2000; 27 (3S):111-116.
Dixon HG, Scully ML, Wakefield MA, White VM, Crawford DA. The effect of television advertisements for junk food versus nutritious food on children's food attitudes and preferences. Soc Sci Med 2007; 65:1311-1323.
Robinsson T. Does television cause childhood obestity?. JAMA 1999; 279: 959-960.
Davison KK, Marshall SJ, Birch LL. Cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between television viewing and girls' body mass index, overweight status, and percentage of body fat. J Pediatr 2006;149 (1): 32-37.
Dietz WH, Gortmaker SL. Do we fatten our children at the television set? Obesity and television-viewing in children and adolescents. Pediatrics 1985;75(5): 807-812.
Gortmaker SL, Must A, Sobol AM, Peterson K, Colditz GA, Dietz WH. Television-viewing as a cause of increasing obesity among children in the United States, 1986-1990. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 1996;150:356-362.
Olaiz-Fernandez G, Rivera-Dommarco J, Shama-Levy T, Rojas R, Villalpando-Hernández S, Hernández-Ávila M, et al. Encuesta Nacional de Salud y Nutrición 2006. Cuernavaca, México: Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública; 2006.
Villa AR, Escobedo MH, Méndez-Sánchez N. Estimación y proyección de la prevalencia de obesidad en México a través de la mortalidad por enfermedades asociadas. Gac Méd Méx 2004; 140(2):S21-26.
Cummings S, Parham ES, Strain GW. Position of the American Dietetic Association: Weight management. J Am Diet Assoc 2002; 102(8): 1145-55.
Allison DB, Fontaine KR, Heshka S, Mentore JL, Heymsfield SB. Alternative treatment for weight loss: a critical review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2001; 41(1):1-28.
Pittler MX, Ernst E. Dietary supplements for body-weight reduction: a systematic review. Am J Clin Nutr 2004; 79: 529-536.
Saper RB, Eisenberg DM, Phillips RS. Common Dietary Supplements for Weight Loss. Am Fam Physician 2004; 70: 1731-38.
Jadad AR, Moore RA, Carroll D, Jenkinson C, Reynolds DJM, Gavaghan DJ, et al. Assessing the Quality of Reports of Randomized Clinical Trials: Is Blinding Necessary? Control Clin Trials 1996;17: 1-12.
McCarty MF. Promotion of hepatic lipid oxidation and gluconeogenesis as a strategy for appetite control. Med Hypotheses 1994; 42:214-225.
McGarry JD, Foster DW. In support of the roles of malonyl-CoA and carnitine acyltrasferase I in the regulation of hepatic fatty acid oxidation and ketogenesis. J Biol Chem 1979; 254:8163-8168.
Sullivan AC, Hamilton JG, Miller ON, Wheatley VR. Inhibition of lipogenesis in rat liver by (-)-hydroxycitrate. Arch Biochem Biochim Pol 1976; 23:227-234.
Kovacs EMR, Westerterp-Plantenga MS, De Vries M, Brouns F, Saris WHM. Effects of 2-week ingestion on (-)-hydroxycitrate and (-)-hydrocycitrate combined with medium-chain triglycerides on satiety and food intake. Physiol Behav 2001; 74: 543-549.
Mattes RD, Bormann L. Effects of (-)-hydroxycitric acid on appetitive variables. Physiol Behav 2000; 71: 87-94.
Kovacs EMR, Westerterp-Plantenga MS, Saris WHM. The effects of 2-week ingestion of (-)-hydroxycitrate and (-)-hydroxycitrate combined with medium-chain triglycerides on satiety, fat oxidation, energy expenditure and body weight. Int J Obes 2001; 25:1087-1094.
Westerterp-Planenga MS, Kovacs EMR. The effect of (-)-hydroxycitrate on energy intake and satiety in overweight humans. Int J Obes 2002; 26: 870-872.
Preuss HG, Bagchi D, Bagchi M, Rao CVS, Dey DK, Satyanarayana S. Effects of a natural extract of (-)-hydroxycitric acid (HCA-SX) and a combination of HCA-SX plus niacin-bound chromium and Gymnema sylvestre on weight loss. Diabetes Obes Metab 2004; 6:171-180.
Diepvens K, Kovacs EMR, Nijs IMT, Vogels M, Westerterp-Plantenga MS. Effect of green tea on resting energy expenditure and substrate oxidation during weight loss in overweight females. Br J Nutr 2005; 94:1026-1034.
Dulloo AG, Duret C, Rohrer D, Girardier L, Mensi N, Fathi M, et al. Efficacy of green Tea extract rich in catechin polyphenols and caffeine in increasing 24-h energy expenditure and fat oxidation. Am J Clinic Nutr 1999; 70:1040-1045.
Diepvens K, Kovacs EMR, Vogels N, Westerterp-Plantenga MS. Metabolic effects of green tea and of phases of weight loss. Physiol Behav 2006; 87:185-191.
Chan CCW, Koo MWL, Ng EHY, Tang O, Yeung WSB, Ho P. Effects of Chinese green tea on weight, and hormonal and biochemical profiles in obese patients with polycystic ovary syndrome- A randomized placebo-controlled trial. J Soc Gynecol Investig 2006; 13:63-68.
Nagao T, Hase T, Tokimitsu I. A Green Tea Extract High in Catechins Reduces Body Fat and Cardiovascular Risks in Humans. Obesity 2007; 15:1473-1483.
Belza A, Frandsen E, Kondrup J. Body fat loss achieved by stimulation of termogénesis by a combination of bioactive food ingredients: a placebo-controlled, double-blind 8-week intervention in obese subjects. Int J Obes 2007; 31:121-130.
Lofgren I, Zern T, Herron K, West K, Sharman MJ, Volek JS, et al. Weight loss associated with reduced intake of carbohydrate reduces the atherogenicity of LDL in premenopausal women. Metab Clin Exp 2005; 54:1133-1141.
Hongu N, Sachan DS. Carnitine, Choline Supplementation with Exercise Alter Carnitine Profiles, Biochemical Markers of Fat Metabolism and Serum Leptin Concentration in Healthy Women. J Nutr 2003; 133:84-89.
Derosa G, Cicero AFG, Gaddi A, Mugellini A, Ciccarelli L, Fogari R. The Effect of L-carnitine on plasma lipoprotein(a) Levels in Hypercholesterolemic Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Clin Ther 2003;25(5):1429-39.
Elmslie JL, Porter RJ, Joyce PR, Hunt PJ, Mann JI. Carnitine does not improve weight loss outcomes in valproate-treated bipolar patients consuming an energy-restricted, low-fat diet. Bipolar Disord 2006; 8:503-507.
Harper CR, Edwars MJ, DeFilipis AP, Jacobson TA. Flaxseed Oil Increases the Plasma Concentrations of Cardioprotective (n-3) Fatty Acids in Humans. J Nutr 2006;136:83-87.
Paschos GK, Zampelas A, Panagiotakos DB, Katsiougiannis S, Griffin BA, Votteas V, et al. Effects of flaxseed on supplementantion on plasma adiponectin level in dyslipidemic men. Eur J Nutr 2007; 46:315-320.
Schwab US, Callaway JC, Erkkilä AT, Gynther J, Uusitupa MIJ, Järvinen T. Effects of hempseed and flaxseed oils on the profile of serum lipids, serum total and lipoprotein lipid concentrations and haemostatic factores. Eur J Nutr 2006; 45:470-477.
Downs BW, Bagchi M, Subbaraju GV, Shara MA, Preuss HG, Bagchi D. Bioefficacy of a novel calcium-potasium salt of (-)-hydroxycitric acid. Mutat Res 2005; 579:149-162.
Kovacs EMR, Westerterp-Plantenga MS. Effects of (-)-hydroxycitrate on net fat synthesis as de novo lipogenesis. Physiol Behav 2006; 88:371-381.
Juhel C, Armand M, Pafumi Y, Rosier C, Vandermander J, Lairon D. Green Tea extract (AR25) inhibits lipolisys of triclycerides in gastric and duodenal medium in vitro. J Nutr Biochem 2000; 11:45-51.
Dulloo AG, Seydoux J, Girardier L, Chantre P, Vandermander J. Green tea and thermogenesis: interactions between catechin-polyphenols, caffeine and sympathetic activity. Int J obesity 2000; 24:252-258.
Hongu N, Sachan DS. Carnitine and Choline Supplementation with Exercise Alter Carnitine Profiles, Biochemical Markers of Fat Metabolism and Serum Leptin Concentration in Healthy Women.. J Nutr 2003; 133:84-89.
Blanck HM, Khan LK, Serdula MK. Use of Nonprescription Weight Loss Products. JAMA 2001;286:930-935.
México, Estados Unidos y Canadá trabajan conjuntamente contra los productos "Milagro" [Internet]. Disponible en: http://www.cofepris.gob.mx/bv/comunicados/b62.pdf. Consultado abril del 2008.
Cómo citar
APA
ACM
ACS
ABNT
Chicago
Harvard
IEEE
MLA
Turabian
Vancouver
Descargar cita
Visitas a la página del resumen del artículo
Descargas
Licencia
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución 4.0.
Esta revista provee acceso libre inmediato a su contenido bajo el principio de que hacer disponible gratuitamente investigación al publico apoya a un mayor intercambio de conocimiento global.
Todos los contenidos de esta revista, excepto dónde está identificado, están publicados bajo una Licencia Creative Commons Atribución 4.0.
