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Alteraciones posturales frecuentes en pacientes con diferentes tipos de trastornos temporomandibulares
Frequent postural alterations in patients with different types of temporomandibular disorders
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15446/rsap.v20n3.53529Keywords:
Trastornos de la articulación temporomandibular, articulación temporomandibular, balance postural, dolor facial (es)Temporomandibular joint, posture, facial pain, neck, head (en)
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Objetivo Describir las alteraciones posturales más frecuentes, de acuerdo al tipo de trastorno temporomandibular (TTM).
Metodología Se analizaron 30 pacientes con edad media de 27,4 años; 80% mujeres, con diagnóstico de TTM confirmado con los Criterios Diagnósticos (CD/TTM) por investigador capacitado en la clínica de la Facultad de Estomatología de la BUAP. Posteriormente se realizó el análisis postural (tres vistas) con ayuda de una cuadrícula de acetato en las instalaciones de la Licenciatura de Fisioterapia de la BUAP. Se analizaron los resultados con estadística descriptiva en el programa SPSS v20.
Resultados El 16,7% de los pacientes presentó TTM de origen muscular, el 36,7% articular y el resto combinado. Las alteraciones posturales más frecuentes fueron: hombro elevado: 93,3%, basculación pélvica: 86,7% y posición de cabeza adelantada: 83,3%. El mayor porcentaje de pacientes presentó cinco alteraciones posturales. El 100% presentó alteraciones en la vista lateral y el 50% de los pacientes con TTM de origen combinado presentaron alteraciones en las tres vistas, mientras en los de origen articular; el 45,5% y en los de origen muscular; el 60%.
Conclusiones Los pacientes con TTM presentan alteraciones posturales; principalmente posición de cabeza adelantada, basculación pélvica y hombro elevado, con especial compromiso en los de diagnóstico muscular y combinado.
Objective To describe postural alterations according to the type of temporomandibular disorder (TMD).
Methods Prior informed consent, 30 patients were included in the study, with a mean age of 27.4 years; 80% women, diagnosed with TMD based on Diagnostic Criteria (DC/TTM) by a trained researcher in the clinic of the Faculty of Stomatology of the BUAP. Subsequently, a postural analysis (three views) was carried out at the facilities of the School of Physiotherapy of the BUAP using an acetate grid. The results were analyzed with descriptive statistics in the SPSS v20 program.
Results 16.7% of the patients presented muscular TMD, 36.7% joint TMD, and the rest combined TMD. The most common postural alterations were: high shoulder: 93.3%, pelvic tilt: 86.7%, and forward head posture: 83.3%. On average, the patients had between 4 and 5 postural changes. 100% of the patients ha alterations in the side view, while 50% of the patients with TMD of combined origin had alterations in the three views, as well as 45.5% of the patients with TMD of joint origin, and 60% of the patients with TMD of muscular origin.
Conclusions TMD patients present postural changes, mainly forward head posture, pelvic tilt and high shoulder, with special involvement related to muscle and combined diagnosis.
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