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Intervenciones nutricionales en la mejora de la cultura alimenticia y sostenibilidad en hondureños de primer año universitario
Nutritional interventions in the improvement of food culture and sustainability in Honduran first-year university students
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15446/rsap.v23n3.91627Keywords:
Dieta mediterránea, dieta saludable, educación alimentaria y nutricional, patrones alimentarios (es)Diet mediterranean, diet, healthy, food and nutrition education, feeding behaviour (en)
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Objetivo Evaluar el efecto de intervenciones educativas en la mejora de hábitos alimenticos y adherencia a una dieta saludable y sostenible (dieta mediterránea) en universitarios hondureños en época de COVID-19. La emancipación del hogar ocasiona que los estudiantes universitarios se enfrenten a un nuevo entorno para la planificación de su alimentación durante la transición a su vida universitaria.
Métodos Se realizó un estudio observacional de cohorte descriptivo transversal entre febrero y junio 2020. Los datos presentados se derivan de encuestas de conductas alimenticias y adherencia a la dieta mediterránea (DM) antes y después de intervenciones educativas nutricionales.
Resultados El grupo con intervenciones mejoró sus conductas alimenticias pasando de poco saludables (media: 14,4) a moderadamente saludables (media: 17,3); de igual forma sucedió en la adherencia a la DM, pasando de baja adherencia (media: 7,6) a adherencia media (media: 8,3). En el grupo control no cambió su adherencia, manteniéndose en baja adherencia; tampoco cambiaron sus hábitos alimenticios, manteniéndose en hábitos poco saludables (p=0,068).
Conclusiones Existe evidencia de que el patrón dietético mediterráneo puede ser una opción para reducir los problemas de salud, especialmente, en la época de pandemia, por lo cual esta investigación expuso que un patrón alimenticio mediterráneo puede coexistir en un ambiente latinoamericano una vez que se conocen sus beneficios.
Objective To evaluate the effect of educational interventions on improving eating habits and adherence to the Mediterranean diet in Honduran university students during the time of COVID-19. The emancipation of the home makes university students face a new environment for planning their diet during the transition to their university life.
Methods An observational cross-sectional descriptive cohort study was conducted between February and June 2020. The data presented in this study are derived from surveys of eating behaviors and adherence to the Mediterranean diet (DM) before and after nutritional educational interventions in the COVID-19 pandemic.
Results The group with interventions improved their eating behaviors going from unhealthy (median: 14,4) to moderately healthy (median: 17,3); in the same way, it happened in the adherence to DM, going from low adherence (median: 7,6) to medium adherence (median: 8,3). In the control group, their adherence did not change, maintaining low adherence, nor their eating habits, remaining in unhealthy habits.
Conclusions There is evidence that the Mediterranean dietary pattern may be an option to reduce health problems, especially in times of pandemic, which is why thisresearch showed that a foreign dietary pattern can coexist in a Latin-American environment once its benefits are known.
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