Modelos empleados para la toma de decisiones en el cuidado de la salud
Models used for decision-making in health care
Keywords:
Toma de decisiones asistida por computador, toma de decisiones, técnicas de apoyo para la decisión, cadenas de Markov, atención a la salud (es)Decision-making, computer-assisted decision-making, decision support techniques, Markov chains, public health (en)
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El análisis de decisiones es un grupo de herramientas que permiten apoyar y manejar un proceso de evaluación estructurado. Esta metodología se usa ampliamente en la evaluación económica para planeación o programas de salud. Este artículo delinea algunas características de las decisiones complejas y muestra los fundamentos y etapas que deben considerarse cuando se toman decisiones en un escenario de incertidumbre (definición del problema, selección de un marco temporal de análisis adecuado, estructuración del problema, desarrollo de un modelo para análisis, selección de la mejor alternativa y realización de análisis de sensibilidad). Finalmente se presentan algunas críticas que se han hecho a esta metodología.
Decision analysis consists of a set of tools supporting and handling structured evaluation. Such methodology is widely used for the economic evaluation of health care planning and programmes. This article outlines some characteristics regarding complex decision-making and shows the fundamental issues and stages considered when making decisions in an uncertain scenario (problem definition, choosing an appropriate time-frame, structuring the problem, developing a model for analysing it, selecting the best alternative and analysing sensitivity). Some criticism of this decision-making method is then made.
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