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Sociodemographic factors in the development of Burnout Syndrome in South and Central American physicians
Factores sociodemográficos relacionados con el desarrollo del Síndrome de Burnout en personal médico de Sur y Centroamérica
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15446/rsap.v25n2.105798Palavras-chave:
Occupational stress, burnout, medical staff (en)Estrés ocupacional, burnout, cuerpo médico (es)
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Objectives To analyze the prevalence of Burnout Syndrome and identify sociodemo-graphic and extra-occupational factors that influenced the development of this syndrome in medical personnel in Latin American countries during 2009-2020.
Methods Bibliographic research and a descriptive study approach included 35 articles that consider the Maslach Burnout Index to diagnose BOS. The relationship between the sample size, the prevalence and the corresponding subscales was carried out by means of a correlation analysis.
Results The presence of both sexes was balanced in most of the studies. Twenty-five studies addressed the relationship of sociodemographic and extra-occupational factors and their relationship with the development of BOS, while 14 of them identified one or more of these factors that were found to be influential or not at the time of diagnosis of the syndrome. The prevalence of BOS ranged from 2.4-83.3 %. There was no correlation between sample size and BOS (p=0.5993); identifying a positive correlation in the prevalence of the three subscales of the MBI, with values of r2 =0.72 between AE and DP (p<0.001); 0.39 for AE and RP (p=0.029), and 0.53 for DP and RP (p=0.002).
Conclusions Sociodemographic and extra-occupational factors are considered significant in predicting and diagnosing burnout. It is estimated that the factors studied should be linked to the diagnosis of BOS in early stages. Nevertheless, despite not being able to infer causality with these findings, they prove to be a useful basis for research and medical diagnosis in Latin America.
Objetivos Analizar la prevalencia e identificar factores sociodemográficos y extralaborales que influyeron en el desarrollo del síndrome de Burnout en personal médico en países de América Latina durante 2009-2020.
Métodos Investigación bibliográfica y estudio con enfoque descriptivo que incluyó 35 artículos que consideraban el índice de agotamiento de Maslach para diagnosticar SBO. La relación entre el tamaño muestral, la prevalencia de SBO y las subescalas correspondientes se llevó a cabo mediante un análisis de correlación.
Resultados La presencia de ambos sexos fue equilibrada en la mayor parte de los estudios. En 25 de ellos se abordó la relación de factores sociodemográficos y extralaborales con el desarrollo del SBO, mientras que en 14 se identificaron uno o más de estos factores que resultaron ser influyentes o no al momento del diagnóstico del síndrome. Se obtuvo una prevalencia de SBO de entre 2,4 y 83,3 %. No existió correlación entre el tamaño muestral y SBO (p=0,5993), y se identificó una correlación positiva en la prevalencia de las tres subescalas del MBI, con valores de r2 = 0,72 entre AE y DP (p<0,001); 0,39 para AE y RP (p=0,029), y 0,53 para DP y RP (p=0,002).
Conclusiones Los factores sociodemográficos y extralaborales se consideran significativos para predecir y diagnosticar el agotamiento. Se estima que se deberían vincular los factores estudiados con el diagnóstico del SBO en etapas tempranas. No obstante, a pesar de no poder inferir causalidad con estos hallazgos, resultan ser una base útil para la investigación y el diagnóstico médico en América Latina.
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