Publicado

2024-01-01

HClO4 BONDING CHARACTERISTICS AGAINST FORMAL CHARGE PREDICTION AND HYPERVALENCE CONCEPT. SHOULD THESE CONCEPTS BE TAUGHT?

CARACTERÍSTICAS DEL ENLACE EN LA MOLÉCULA HClO4 FRENTE A LA PREDICCIÓN POR CARGA FORMAL Y EL CONCEPTO DE HIPERVALENCIA ¿SE DEBEN ENSEÑAR ESTOS CONCEPTOS?

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.15446/rev.fac.cienc.v13n1.108223

Palabras clave:

Contents update, hybridization, formal charge, hypervalence concept (en)
Actualización de contenidos, carga formal, estructura de Lewis, hibridación, hipervalencia (es)

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Chemical bonding is a central topic in general chemistry courses. Lewis (1916) published a fundamental paper where he proposed a model based on localized electron pairs and as a consequence, gave rise to the octet rule. However, the discovery of xenon fluorides and compounds such as SF6 gave rise to the concept of “hypervalence” involving d orbitals in hybridization schemes. Currently, it has been demonstrated that d orbitals have a negligible participation in the bonds of such molecules and, in some cases octet rule is not violated.

 

This article proposes a discussion about the concepts we use in introductory chemistry lectures. Some models are useful and valuable from a pedagogical point of view, nevertheless, others are unnecessary and far from reality causing misconceptions and lack of interest, since it is hard to rationalize inconsistencies found.

 

HClO4 molecule was selected to demonstrate that hypervalence concept, molecular structure selection based on formal charge rules and participation of d orbitals on bonds are not appropriate approximations. Bond orders and atomic charges determined through Natural Bond Orbital calculations indicate bonds between Cl and O atoms are mainly simple with a high ionic character.

El enlace químico es un tema central en cursos de química general. Lewis (1916) publicó un trabajo fundamental donde plantea un modelo a partir de pares de electrones localizados y da origen a la regla del octeto. Sin embargo, el descubrimiento de fluoruros de xenón y compuestos como SF6 dieron lugar al concepto “hipervalencia” involucrando orbitales d en la hibridación. Actualmente, se ha demostrado que los orbitales d tienen una participación despreciable en los enlaces de dichas moléculas y en algunos casos, no exceden la regla del octeto. Este artículo plantea una discusión sobre los conceptos que usamos en cursos de química general. Algunos modelos son útiles y valiosos desde un punto de vista pedagógico, otros son alejados de la realidad generando conceptos erróneos y falta de interés, ya que es difícil racionalizar las inconsistencias encontradas. La molécula HClO4 se seleccionó para demostrar que el concepto de hipervalencia, la selección de la estructura molecular basada en reglas de carga formal y la participación de orbitales d en los enlaces no son aproximaciones adecuadas. Los órdenes de enlace y cargas atómicas determinadas a través de cálculos “Natural Bond Orbital” indican que los enlaces Cl-O son principalmente sencillos con un alto carácter iónico.

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Cómo citar

APA

Sanchez, A. (2024). HClO4 BONDING CHARACTERISTICS AGAINST FORMAL CHARGE PREDICTION AND HYPERVALENCE CONCEPT. SHOULD THESE CONCEPTS BE TAUGHT?. Revista de la Facultad de Ciencias, 13(1), 36–48. https://doi.org/10.15446/rev.fac.cienc.v13n1.108223

ACM

[1]
Sanchez, A. 2024. HClO4 BONDING CHARACTERISTICS AGAINST FORMAL CHARGE PREDICTION AND HYPERVALENCE CONCEPT. SHOULD THESE CONCEPTS BE TAUGHT?. Revista de la Facultad de Ciencias. 13, 1 (ene. 2024), 36–48. DOI:https://doi.org/10.15446/rev.fac.cienc.v13n1.108223.

ACS

(1)
Sanchez, A. HClO4 BONDING CHARACTERISTICS AGAINST FORMAL CHARGE PREDICTION AND HYPERVALENCE CONCEPT. SHOULD THESE CONCEPTS BE TAUGHT?. Rev. Fac. Cienc. 2024, 13, 36-48.

ABNT

SANCHEZ, A. HClO4 BONDING CHARACTERISTICS AGAINST FORMAL CHARGE PREDICTION AND HYPERVALENCE CONCEPT. SHOULD THESE CONCEPTS BE TAUGHT?. Revista de la Facultad de Ciencias, [S. l.], v. 13, n. 1, p. 36–48, 2024. DOI: 10.15446/rev.fac.cienc.v13n1.108223. Disponível em: https://revistas.unal.edu.co/index.php/rfc/article/view/108223. Acesso em: 9 oct. 2024.

Chicago

Sanchez, Astrid. 2024. «HClO4 BONDING CHARACTERISTICS AGAINST FORMAL CHARGE PREDICTION AND HYPERVALENCE CONCEPT. SHOULD THESE CONCEPTS BE TAUGHT?». Revista De La Facultad De Ciencias 13 (1):36-48. https://doi.org/10.15446/rev.fac.cienc.v13n1.108223.

Harvard

Sanchez, A. (2024) «HClO4 BONDING CHARACTERISTICS AGAINST FORMAL CHARGE PREDICTION AND HYPERVALENCE CONCEPT. SHOULD THESE CONCEPTS BE TAUGHT?», Revista de la Facultad de Ciencias, 13(1), pp. 36–48. doi: 10.15446/rev.fac.cienc.v13n1.108223.

IEEE

[1]
A. Sanchez, «HClO4 BONDING CHARACTERISTICS AGAINST FORMAL CHARGE PREDICTION AND HYPERVALENCE CONCEPT. SHOULD THESE CONCEPTS BE TAUGHT?», Rev. Fac. Cienc., vol. 13, n.º 1, pp. 36–48, ene. 2024.

MLA

Sanchez, A. «HClO4 BONDING CHARACTERISTICS AGAINST FORMAL CHARGE PREDICTION AND HYPERVALENCE CONCEPT. SHOULD THESE CONCEPTS BE TAUGHT?». Revista de la Facultad de Ciencias, vol. 13, n.º 1, enero de 2024, pp. 36-48, doi:10.15446/rev.fac.cienc.v13n1.108223.

Turabian

Sanchez, Astrid. «HClO4 BONDING CHARACTERISTICS AGAINST FORMAL CHARGE PREDICTION AND HYPERVALENCE CONCEPT. SHOULD THESE CONCEPTS BE TAUGHT?». Revista de la Facultad de Ciencias 13, no. 1 (enero 1, 2024): 36–48. Accedido octubre 9, 2024. https://revistas.unal.edu.co/index.php/rfc/article/view/108223.

Vancouver

1.
Sanchez A. HClO4 BONDING CHARACTERISTICS AGAINST FORMAL CHARGE PREDICTION AND HYPERVALENCE CONCEPT. SHOULD THESE CONCEPTS BE TAUGHT?. Rev. Fac. Cienc. [Internet]. 1 de enero de 2024 [citado 9 de octubre de 2024];13(1):36-48. Disponible en: https://revistas.unal.edu.co/index.php/rfc/article/view/108223

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