Pichia pastoris as a biological platform to produce recombinant proteins: relevance for development of biotechnological products in Colombia
Pichia pastoris como una plataforma biológica para producir proteínas recombinantes: relevancia para el desarrollo de productos biotecnológicos en Colombia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15446/revfaccienc.v10n1.86805Palabras clave:
Fermentation, Metabolism, Methylotrophic yeast, Pichia pastoris, Protein expression (en)Expresión de proteínas, Fermentación, Levadura metilotrófica, Metabolismo, Pichia pastoris (es)
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The world market for compounds produced by biotechnological means is growing due to the search and implementation of cellular systems that allow the mass production of complex molecules with a specific biological activity. These range from drugs, to enzymes and proteins for diverse uses, such as academic research and the development of industrial processes. Pichia pastoris is a methylotrophic yeast that has been studied in recent decades for the expression and generation of recombinant proteins, because it has features that make it especially efficient, not only to host external DNA, but also to express it and, thus, produce a wide variety of molecules. In this study, the most important aspects related to the production of recombinant proteins are examined, by using P. pastoris as a model, from the most common expression strategy, to the aspects related to the cultivation at bioreactor scale and, by yielding high-value products. Some papers conducted, in Colombia, are also reviewed, as well as their approach and the current state of the expression system in the country's biotechnology and its barriers, by concluding that studies with P. pastoris are scarce and are mainly developed around a few academic centers.
El mercado mundial de compuestos producidos por medios biotecnológicos está creciendo debido a la búsqueda e implementación de sistemas celulares que permiten la producción masiva de moléculas complejas con una actividad biológica específica. Estas van desde los medicamentos, hasta las enzimas y las proteínas para usos diversos como la investigación académica y el desarrollo de procesos industriales. Pichia pastoris es una levadura metilotrófica que se ha estudiado en los últimos decenios para la expresión y generación de proteínas recombinantes debido a que posee características que la hacen especialmente eficiente, no sólo para albergar ADN externo sino también para expresarlo y producir así una amplia variedad de moléculas. En el presente estudio se examinan los aspectos más importantes relacionados con la producción de proteínas recombinantes utilizando P. pastoris como modelo, desde las estrategias de expresión más comunes, hasta los aspectos relacionados con el cultivo a escala de biorreactor y obtención de productos de alto valor agregado. Se revisan también algunos trabajos realizados en Colombia, su enfoque y el estado actual del sistema de expresión en la biotecnología del país y sus barreras, concluyendo que los estudios con P. pastoris son pocos y se desarrollan, principalmente, alrededor de unos pocos centros académicos.
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