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INVENTARIOS DE MARIPOSAS (LEPIDOPTERA PAPILIONOIDEA) DE BOSQUE SECO TROPICAL EN COLOMBIA Y COSTA RICA METODOLOGÍAS, PERSPECTIVAS E INFORMACIÓN DERIVADA
INVENTORIES OF BUTTERFLIES (LEPIDOPTERA: PAPILIONOIDEA) OF TROPICAL DRY FOREST IN COLOMBIA AND COSTA RICA: METHODOLOGIES, PERSPECTIVES AND DERIVED INFORMATION
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15446/rev.fac.cienc.v13n2.111362Keywords:
Biodiversidad, datos de registros, códigos de barras de ADN, muestreos de insectos (es)Biodiversity, record data, DNA barcoding, insect sampling (en)
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La situación actual del Bosque Seco Tropical (Bs-T) es preocupante, al ser uno de los ecosistemas en más alto riesgo, con pequeños remanentes en matrices inconexas. En el conocimiento de mariposas diurnas, países como Costa Rica han trazado objetivos ambiciosos integrando en los inventarios códigos de barras de ADN, reconocimiento de formas inmaduras y plantas hospedantes; ocupando uno de los primeros lugares con información pública integral, validando el uso de las mariposas diurnas y su información genética no solo como organismos objetivo de la conservación, sino también como herramientas de monitoreo. En Colombia, los esfuerzos son incipientes, pero de importancia. En este artículo se ilustran los enfoques de inventarios de mariposas de Bs-T en ambos países, las metodologías usadas, las intensidades de muestreo y los objetivos planteados. A la fecha, en Costa Rica existen secuencias de códigos de barras para 26.480 individuos y datos que integran morfología, molecular y estados inmaduros para 537 especies. Para Colombia el número de especies de Bs-T es aproximadamente 662, habiendo iniciado recientemente la incorporación de códigos de barras con 1.693 secuencias disponibles que corresponden a 173 especies. Al comparar las especies características de Bs-T se registran 120 especies en común, para las cuales Costa Rica ha documentado la biología y ecología incluyendo plantas hospedantes.
The current situation of the Tropical Dry Forest is concerning being the ecosystem at highest risk, it only has small remnants in disjointed matrices. In diurnal butterflies, countries like Costa Rica have set ambitious goals, integrating into their inventories DNA barcodes, recognition of immature forms, and host plants. In Colombia, efforts are emerging, but of importance. This article illustrates the inventory approaches of Bs-T butterflies in both countries, listing the shared species and derived information, as an advancement to understand aspects about presence and diversity, necessary for their management. The methodologies used in both countries, the sampling intensities, and even the objectives are variable. Costa Rica occupies one of the top places in public information of the group, by integrating DNA barcodes, validating the use of diurnal butterflies and their genetic information, not only as conservation target organisms, but also as monitoring tools for anthropogenic interventions. To date, there are sequences for 26.480 individuals and data integrating morphology, molecular aspects, and immature states for 537 species in Costa Rica. For Colombia, the number of known Bs-T species is 662, having recently started the incorporation of barcodes with 1.693 sequences available corresponding to 173 species. When comparing the characteristic Bs-T species in both countries, 120 common species are registered, for which Costa Rica has documented the biology and ecology including host plants.
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