Estudio de la estabilidad estructural de óxidos mixtos Zn-Al tipo hidrotalcita en precursores catalíticos CoNiMo frente HDS de tiofeno
Study od structural stability of mixed oxides Zn-Al hydrotalcite type in catalytic precursors CoNiMo front HDS of thiofeno
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15446/rev.fac.cienc.v6n2.64506Keywords:
CoMo, emisiones atmosféricas, HDS, NiMo, óxidos mixtos Zn-Al (es)CoMo, atmospheric emissions, HDS, NiMo, Zn-Al mixed oxides (en)
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La industria petrolera, es una de las principales fuentes responsable de emisiones atmosféricas tales como: CO, CO2, SO2, NOx, hidrocarburos y partículas suspendidas, la cual busca mitigar la contaminación ambiental originada en sus refinerías utilizando algunos procesos, como el hidrotratamiento (HDT). El corazón del HDT, son los catalizadores empleados, en función al soporte catalítico y los metales usados durante su formulación. Es por ello, que esta investigación se centró en estudiar la estabilidad estructural de óxidos mixtos Zn-Al tipo hidrotalcita (HT) en precursores catalíticos CoNiMo frente HDS de tiofeno, a una temperatura de calcinación de 450 °C. Inicialmente, se sintetizó el soporte catalítico HT a relaciones variables de Zn-Al de 0.00 a 1.00Al, una vez obtenido el intervalo óptimo de la HT (0.00-0.33Al), se procedió a formular los precursores catalíticos CoMo/NiMo, a través de dos etapas de calcinación, la primera se impregna el soporte tipo hidrotalcita (HT) sin calcinar con los metales CoNi y CoMo, luego de impregnar con dichos metales se calcina por única vez; mientras que en la segunda etapa, se calcina los sólidos antes de impregnar y después de la impregnación con los metales antes mencionados. Los resultados obtenidos denotan un excelente comportamiento para los catalizadores con doble etapa de calcinación, siendo los precursores CoMo más efectivos que NiMo; esto puede justificarse por las características fisicoquímicas de las fases de los metales involucrados y de sus vacantes de coordinación.
The oil industry is one of the main sources responsible for atmospheric emissions such as: CO, CO2, SO2, NOx, hydrocarbons and suspended particles, which seeks to mitigate environmental pollution from its refineries using some processes, such as hydrotreatment (HDT). The heart of the HDT is the catalysts used, depending on the catalytic support and the metals used during its formulation. Therefore, this research focused on studying the structural stability of mixed Zn-Al type hydrotalcite (HT) oxides in catalysts CoNiMo versus thiophene HDS at a calcination temperature of 450 °C. Initially, the catalytic support HT was synthesized at varying Zn-Al ratios of 0.00 to 1.00Al, once the optimal range of HT (0.00-0.33Al) was obtained, the catalytic precursors CoMo/NiMo, through two stages of calcination, the first is impregnated the support type hydrotalcite (HT) without calcining with the metals CoNi and CoMo, after impregnating with these metals is calcined once only; While in the second stage the solids are calcined before impregnation and after impregnation with the aforementioned metals. The obtained results show an excellent performance for the catalysts with double calcination stage, being CoMo precursors more effective than NiMo; this can be justified by the physicochemical characteristics of the phases of the metals involved and their coordination vacancies.
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