Aging of PEM electrolyzers: influence of fluctuating current supply
Envejecimiento de electrolizadores PEM: influencia de la corriente fluctuante
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15446/sicel.v12.120746Palabras clave:
PEM electrolyzer, power converter, current ripple, aging, modeling (en)electrolizador PEM, convertidor de potencia, ondulación de corriente, envejecimiento, modelado (es)
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Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM) electrolyzers face significant durability challenges due to harsh operating conditions, such as elevated temperatures and high current densities. In addition, several other sources of degradation have been identified, including current ripple from power electronics, dynamic operating conditions, gas bubble accumulation, and frequent start/stop cycles. Recent aging studies on PEM electrolyzers have shown that triangular current ripple at 10 kHz (typically generated by DC-DC converters) constitutes a particularly critical operating condition. This ripple accelerates degradation phenomena such as increased high-frequency resistance, corrosion, and damage to components like the titanium mesh. Addressing these durability issues is essential to enhance the lifecycle performance and cost-effectiveness of PEM electrolyzers. The objective of this work is to investigate the impact of current ripple generated by power converters on the long-term aging of a commercial PEM electrolyzer. This investigation involves monitoring the polarization curve and tracking changes in the parameters of an equivalent PEM electrolyzer model over time. The results demonstrate a significant increase in stack voltage and a growing disparity among individual cell voltages, leading to reduced energy efficiency. Furthermore, parameter estimation before and after aging reveals a notable increase in ohmic resistance.
Los electrolizadores de membrana de intercambio protónico (PEM) enfrentan importantes desafíos de durabilidad debido a las condiciones de operación exigentes, como las altas temperaturas y densidades de corriente elevadas. Además, se han identificado varias otras fuentes de degradación, incluyendo la ondulación de corriente generada por la electrónica de potencia, condiciones de operación dinámicas, acumulación de burbujas de gas y ciclos frecuentes de arranque/parada. Estudios recientes sobre el envejecimiento de electrolizadores PEM han demostrado que el rizado de corriente triangular a 10 kHz (típicamente generado por convertidores DC-DC), constituye una condición de operación particularmente crítica. Esta ondulación acelera fenómenos de degradación como el aumento de la resistencia a alta frecuencia, la corrosión y el daño a componentes como la malla de titanio. Abordar estos problemas de durabilidad es esencial para mejorar el rendimiento a lo largo del ciclo de vida y la rentabilidad de los electrolizadores PEM. El objetivo de este trabajo es investigar el impacto de la ondulación de corriente generada por los convertidores de potencia en el envejecimiento a largo plazo de un electrolizador PEM comercial. Esta investigación implica el monitoreo de la curva de polarización y el seguimiento de los cambios en los parámetros de un modelo equivalente de electrolizador PEM a lo largo del tiempo. Los resultados muestran un aumento significativo en el voltaje del stack y una creciente disparidad entre los voltajes de las celdas individuales, lo que conduce a una menor eficiencia energética. Además, la estimación de parámetros antes y después del envejecimiento revela un aumento notable en la resistencia óhmica.
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Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución 4.0.