Publicado

2026-04-15

Modeling of Tariff Dynamics in the Face of Distributed Generation in Colombia: Risks and Regulatory Recommendations

Modelado de la Dinámica Tarifaria ante la Generación Distribuida en Colombia: Riesgos y Recomendaciones Regulatorias

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.15446/sicel.v12.121212

Palabras clave:

Death spiral, Distributed generation, Energy transition, System dynamics (en)
Espiral de la muerte, Generación distribuida, Transición energética, Dinámica de sistemas (es)

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Autores/as

The energy transition has transformed the forms of electricity generation and consumption, generating tensions on traditional tariff schemes and configuring structural risks such as the so-called death spiral. This article analyzes whether the current Colombian tariff scheme could promote dynamics associated with this phenomenon, identifying early signals and regulatory gaps that would compromise the sustainability of the electricity system. For this purpose, a system dynamics model is used to represent the interactions between tariff components, demand trends, adoption of distributed generation and institutional mechanisms; in addition, an analysis of the Colombian case is carried out based on the current tariff regulation. The results show that certain characteristics of the current tariff design, such as rigidity in the distribution of fixed costs and cross-subsidy schemes, may encourage the disconnection of users with greater capacity to pay, reducing collection and affecting investment in infrastructure. The study identifies critical variables and proposes some regulatory and technical guidelines aimed at preventing scenarios of financial unsustainability, because although a death spiral has not yet materialized in Colombia, early patterns are emerging that require timely interventions to ensure tariff equity, the viability of the system and a fair and sustainable energy transition.

La transición energética ha transformado las formas de generación y consumo eléctrico, generando tensiones sobre los esquemas tarifarios tradicionales y configurando riesgos estructurales como la denominada espiral de la muerte. Este artículo analiza si el actual esquema tarifario colombiano podría propiciar dinámicas asociadas a este fenómeno, identificando señales tempranas y vacíos regulatorios que comprometerían la sostenibilidad del sistema eléctrico. Para ello, se emplea un modelo de dinámica de sistemas que representa las interacciones entre componentes tarifarios, tendencias de demanda, adopción de generación distribuida y mecanismos institucionales; además, se realiza un análisis del caso colombiano con base en la regulación tarifaria vigente. Los resultados muestran que ciertas características del diseño tarifario actual, como la rigidez en la distribución de costos fijos y los esquemas de subsidios cruzados, pueden incentivar la desconexión de usuarios con mayor capacidad de pago, reduciendo el recaudo y afectando la inversión en infraestructura. El estudio identifica variables críticas y propone algunos lineamientos regulatorios y técnicos orientados a prevenir escenarios de insostenibilidad financiera, pues si bien en Colombia no se ha materializado aún una espiral de la muerte, se evidencian patrones tempranos que exigen intervenciones oportunas para garantizar la equidad tarifaria, la viabilidad del sistema y una transición energética justa y sostenible.

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