Enfoques Comparativos de Optimización y Heurísticos para la Gestión de Horarios de Carga de Vehículos Eléctricos
Comparative Optimization and Heuristic Approaches for Electric Vehicle Charging Schedule Management
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15446/sicel.v12.121216Palabras clave:
Algoritmos heurísticos, programación entera mixta, estrategias de programación, gestión energética, métodos voraces (es)Heuristic algorithms, Mixed-integer programming, Scheduling strategies, Energy management, Greedy methods (en)
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Este trabajo presenta un marco para la optimización de los horarios de carga de vehículos eléctricos (VE), que maximiza la rentabilidad y la satisfacción del cliente bajo restricciones como el Límite Máximo de Demanda (MDL), tarifas horarias (ToU) y disponibilidad de cargadores. Se integra un modelo de Programación Lineal Entera Mixta (MILP) con dos métodos alternativos: una heurística codiciosa FIFO y una metaheurística de Búsqueda Tabú con operaciones SWAP, lo que permite una evaluación comparativa frente a distintas cargas de VEs. La implementación en Python, basada en una estructura de modelo unificada, se prueba con conjuntos de datos sintéticos, analizando el rendimiento en términos de rentabilidad, cumplimiento del servicio, penalizaciones y tiempo de ejecución. Los resultados muestran que, si bien el modelo MILP logra soluciones óptimas con una alta satisfacción de la demanda, se vuelve computacionalmente inviable a gran escala. La heurística FIFO proporciona soluciones rápidas pero se degrada bajo cargas elevadas, mientras que la Búsqueda Tabú mantiene resultados casi óptimos, con un margen del 3 por ciento respecto al MILP, y logra tiempos de ejecución moderados. Estos hallazgos destacan la efectividad de combinar métodos de optimización con heurísticas para la gestión en tiempo real de la carga de VEs.
This paper presents a framework for optimizing electric vehicle (EV) charging schedules that maximizes profitability and customer satisfaction under constraints such as Maximum Demand Limit (MDL), time-of-use (ToU) pricing, and charger availability. It integrates a Mixed-Integer Linear Programming (MILP) model with two alternative methods: a FIFO greedy heuristic and a Tabu Search metaheuristic using SWAP operations, allowing for a comparative evaluation across various EV loads. A unified Python-based implementation is tested on synthetic datasets, analyzing performance in terms of profitability, service completion, penalties, and runtime. Results show that while MILP achieves optimal solutions with high demand satisfaction, it becomes computationally infeasible at large scales. The FIFO heuristic provides fast solutions but degrades under heavy load, while the Tabu Search maintains near-optimal results within 3 percent of the MILP objective and achieves moderate runtimes. These findings highlight the effectiveness of combining optimization and heuristic methods for real-time EV charging management.
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Derechos de autor 2025 Samuel Infante Trillos, Luis Tarazona-Torres, Alejandra Tabares, David Álvarez-Martínez

Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución 4.0.