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EFECTO DEL GLIFOSATO SOBRE LA MICROBIOTA Y LA ACTIVIDAD ENZIMÁTICA EN RIZÓSFERA DE PLANTAS RIPARIAS
Effect of Glyphosate on Microbiota and Enzymatic Activity in Rhizosphere of Riparian Plants
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15446/abc.v29n1.108336Palabras clave:
Faena fuerte, humedales costeros, mesocosmos, sitio RAMSAR, Soconusco (es)Faena fuerte, coastal wetlands, mesocosms, RAMSAR site, Soconusco (en)
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El glifosato es un herbicida foliar detectado en suelo, sedimento y agua, que ocasiona daños no visibles en organismos no blanco, pudiendo afectar la diversidad, estructura y funcionamiento de las comunidades microbianas asociadas a la vegetación riparia que provee de servicios ecosistémicos. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue 1) determinar las cuentas viables de microorganismos y 2) analizar cómo se afectan las actividades enzimáticas asociadas al metabolismo del carbono, fósforo y nitrógeno en la rizósfera de plantas riparias (Fimbristylis dichotoma, Ludwigia octovalvis y Typha domingensis) expuestas a glifosato. Para mantener el micro-hábitat en la rizósfera, se colectaron plantas con el mismo suelo donde habitaban. A las plantas se les aplicó 50 mg de glifosato ácido equivalente (ae)/L a nivel de suelo, y se mantuvieron por 15 días. Después, a partir de muestras de rizósfera, se aislaron y cuantificaron actinomicetos, bacterias totales (incluyendo actinomicetos) y hongos, y se analizó la actividad de 19 enzimas relacionadas con el metabolismo de P, C y N. Por la presencia del herbicida, se encontró que fueron afectadas negativamente 1) las células bacterianas principalmente, en comparación con actinomicetos y hongos, y 2) las poblaciones microbianas aisladas de la rizósfera de L. octovalvis en comparación con F. dichotoma y T. domingensis. Las determinaciones de actividades enzimáticas mostraron que el metabolismo del fósforo y carbono fueron estimulados positivamente por el glifosato. La información obtenida permite identificar la respuesta de la diversidad microbiana cultivable y la diversidad funcional de rizósfera de plantas de importancia ecológica.
Glyphosate is a foliar herbicide detected in soil, sediment, and water, causing non-visible damage to non-target organisms, potentially affecting the diversity, structure, and functioning of microbial communities associated with riparian vegetation that provide ecosystem services. The objective of the present work was 1) to determine the viable counts of microorganisms and 2) to analyze how the enzymatic activities associated with the metabolism of carbon, phosphorus, and nitrogen are affected in the riparian plants’ rhizosphere (Fimbristylis dichotoma, Ludwigia octovalvis, and Typha domingensis) exposed to glyphosate. The plants were collected with the same soil in which they lived to maintain the micro-habitat of the rhizosphere. Zero or fifty mg of glyphosate acid equivalent (ae)/L was applied to the plants at the ground level for 15 days. Actinomycetes, total bacteria (including actinomycetes), and fungi were then isolated and quantified, and the activity of 19 enzymes (metabolism of P, C, and N) were analyzed from rhizosphere samples. In the presence of the herbicide, it was found that 1) bacteria was most negatively affected compared to actinomycetes and fungi, and 2) microbial populations isolated from L. octovalvis were lesser than those from T. domingensis and F. dichotoma. Rhizosphere enzymatic activities showed that phosphorus and carbon metabolism were stimulated by glyphosate. The information obtained from this work allows us to identify the response of cultivable microbial diversity and functional diversity of the rhizosphere of ecologically important plants.
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