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Impulsores locales y paisajísticos de los cambios en la comunidad de aves en parques urbanos de una ciudad neotropical
LOCAL AND LANDSCAPE DRIVERS OF BIRD COMMUNITY SHIFTS IN URBAN PARKS IN A NEOTROPICAL CITY
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15446/abc.v30n1.113739Palabras clave:
aves no nativas, complejidad de la vegetación, asentamiento humano, espacios verdes (es)bird diversity, non-native birds, vegetation complexity, greenspaces, urban settlement (en)
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El crecimiento urbano afecta la composición y diversidad de las comunidades de aves. Sin embargo, estos efectos pueden variar según el nivel de urbanización y la temporada del año. Exploramos cómo variables locales y paisajísticas influyeron en las aves urbanas evasoras, explotadoras y adaptadoras durante dos temporadas en parques urbanos y periurbanos de una ciudad neotropical en el sur de México. Entre 2017 y 2018, realizamos muestreos de aves durante las temporadas no reproductiva (agosto-septiembre) y reproductiva (febrero-marzo). Comparamos la diversidad de aves urbanas entre parques utilizando los números de Hill. Se registraron un total de 67 especies de aves urbanas: 38 adaptadoras, 24 evasoras y cinco explotadoras. En general, los parques periurbanos tuvieron la mayor diversidad de aves en ambas temporadas en comparación con los parques urbanos. Las aves explotadoras urbanas se asociaron con la urbanización a nivel local y paisajístico en ambas temporadas, mientras que las evasoras urbanas prefirieron parques con vegetación estructuralmente compleja en la temporada no reproductiva. Las aves adaptadoras utilizaron parques urbanos y periurbanos indistintamente. Nuestros hallazgos sugieren que los parques densamente urbanizados aumentan la dominancia de especies de aves explotadoras al tiempo que disminuyen drásticamente la presencia de aves nativas. Los hallazgos también destacan el papel de los parques periurbanos en la conservación y planificación de los centros urbanos neotropicales, reduciendo los efectos de la urbanización.
Urban growth affects bird community composition and diversity. However, these effects may vary based on urbanization level and season. We explored how local and landscape variables influenced urban avoiders, exploiters, and adapters birds during two seasons in urban and peri-urban parks in a neotropical city in southern Mexico. Between 2017 and 2018, we performed bird sampling during non-breeding (August–September) and breeding (February–March) seasons. We compared urban bird diversity between parks using Hill numbers. 67 bird species were recorded—38 adapters, 24 avoiders, and five urban exploiters. Overall, peri-urban parks had the highest bird diversity in both seasons compared to urban parks. Urban exploiters were associated with urbanization at the local and landscape levels in both seasons, while urban avoiders preferred parks with structurally complex vegetation in the non-breeding season. Adapters used urban and peri-urban parks interchangeably. Our findings suggest that densely urbanized parks increase the dominance of exploited bird species while drastically decreasing the presence of native birds. The findings also highlight the role of peri-urban parks in the conservation and planning of neotropical urban centers, reducing the effects of urbanization.
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