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Enterococcus, Myroides Y Exiguobacterium: géneros bacterianos con potencial probiótico para el cultivo de tilapia nilótica (Oreochromis niloticus).
Enterococcus, Myroides, and Exiguobacterium: Bacterial Genus with Probiotic Potential for Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) Culture
Palabras clave:
Edwardsiella tarda, enfermedad de peces, piscicultura, promotor de crecimiento. (es)Edwardsiella tarda, fish culture, fish diseases, growth promoter. (en)
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Se aislaron 120 morfotipos bacterianos de intestino de tilapia y se seleccionaron según su actividad antibacteriana contra patógenos como Aeromonas hydrophila, Streptococcus agalactiae y Edwardsiella tarda, su capacidad de adherencia a mucus intestinal y cinética de crecimiento. Las bacterias seleccionadas se identificaron mediante secuenciación de 16S rRNA y se identificaron como Exigobacterium sp. I9, Enterococcus faecalis I15 y Myroides odoratimimus I19. Además, se evaluó su efecto in vivo sobre el crecimiento de los peces, mediante su adición al alimento de juveniles de Oreochromis niloticus (106 UFC / g, por 15 días). Se determinó la supervivencia luego de un desafío experimental con Edwardsiella tarda por inyección intraperitoneal (100 µL 105 UFC / mL). Las tres bacterias seleccionadas incrementaron la tasa de crecimiento específica, redujeron la mortalidad de los peces durante el desafío experimental con E. tarda y no causaron mortalidad durante la adición en el alimento. Los efectos positivos in vivo se relacionan posiblemente con actividad in vitro; sin embargo, por motivos de bioseguridad se recomienda efectuar estudios posteriores a Exigobacterium sp. I9y E. faecalis I15 dado que se han reportado miembros de este género como causantes de mortalidad en peces, mientras que en el caso de M. odoratimimus I19, es necesario efectuar futuros estudios para verificar su actividad positiva a mayor escala productiva.
120 bacteria were isolated from tilapia intestine and screened according to the antibacterial activity against pathogens such as Aeromonas hydrophila, Edwardsiella tarda and Streptococcus agalactiae, the ability to adhere to intestinal mucus and growth kinetics. The selected bacteria were identified by 16S rRNA sequencing of and were identified as Exigobacterium sp. I9, Enterococcus faecalis I15 and Myroides odoratimimus I19. Furthermore, the in vivo effect on fish growth was assessed by the addition of selected bacteria to juvenile Oreochromis niloticus feed (106 CFU / g, for 15 days). Survival was also determined after a challenge by intraperitoneal injection of E. tarda (100 μL of 105 UFC / mL). The three selected bacteria increased the specific growth rate, reduced mortality of fish during the experimental challenge with E. tarda and did not cause mortality during the addition in the feed. The positive effects observed in vivo are possibly associated with in vitro activity; however, for biosafety reasons, it is recommended that further studies of Exigobacterium sp. I9 and E. faecalis I15 may be carried out since this genus have been reported of as causative agents of fish mortality, whereas in the case of M. odoratimimus I19, verification of positive effects at a higher production scales is desirable.
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