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YUCA: PAN Y CARNE, UNA ALTERNATIVA POTENCIAL PARA HACER FRENTE AL HAMBRE OCULTA
Cassava: bread and meat, a potential alternative to tackle hidden hunger
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15446/abc.v26n2.84569Palabras clave:
agricultura, almidón, desnutrición, diversidad, alimentación (es)agriculture, starch, malnutrition, diversity, feeding (en)
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Uno de los retos que encara la humanidad es asegurar la alimentación y la adecuada nutrición para los cerca de ocho billones de habitantes del planeta. Las raíces de yuca constituyen la cuarta fuente más importante de calorías para la población humana siendo uno de los pilares de la seguridad alimentaria. Las raíces de yuca no poseen atributos nutricionales adecuados. Aunque existen variedades con valores relativamente altos de estos compuestos, sus valores están lejos de los necesarios para asegurar los requerimientos mínimos de la población humana. Las hojas de yuca poseen valores altos de contenido proteico, minerales y vitaminas, por lo que representan una fuente nutricional alternativa. Sin embargo, el consumo de hojas de yuca en América Latina es escaso o nulo como consecuencia de los altos niveles de cianuro que poseen. En algunos países de África y Asia las hojas se consumen a través de diversas recetas que incluye su cocción, eliminando así una gran cantidad del contenido cianógeno. En esta revisión se presenta un panorama general de la importancia nutricional de la yuca, las diferentes estrategias de mejoramiento genético clásico y no convencional destinados a incrementar los contenidos nutricionales de raíces y la importancia de la explotación de la variabilidad intrínseca de la yuca como una fuente de variedades y genes que puedan contribuir a la implementación de estrategias encaminadas a desarrollar materiales con los requerimientos nutricionales adecuados. Finalmente, se presenta el potencial que tienen las hojas de yuca para ser empleadas dentro de programas complementarios destinados a mejorar la calidad nutricional de la población humana.
One of the challenges facing humanity is to ensure food and adequate nutrition for the nearly eight billion inhabitants of the planet. Cassava roots constitute the fourth most important source of calories for the human population, being one of the pillars of food security. Cassava roots do not have adequate nutritional attributes. Although there are varieties with relatively high values of these compounds, these are far from those necessary to ensure the minimum requirements of the human population. Cassava leaves have a high content of protein, minerals, and vitamins, so they represent an alternative nutritional source. However, their consumption in Latin America is scarce due to the high levels of cyanide they possess. In some countries of Africa and Asia, the leaves are consumed through various recipes that include cooking, thus eliminating a large amount of cyanogen content. This review presents an overview of the nutritional importance of cassava, the different strategies of classical and unconventional genetic improvement aimed at increasing the nutritional content of roots, and the importance of exploiting the intrinsic variability of cassava as a source of varieties and genes that can contribute to the development of strategies directed to developing materials with the appropriate nutritional requirements. Finally, the potential of cassava leaves to be used in complementary programs aimed at improving the nutritional quality of the human population is presented.
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3. Los autores/as podrán adoptar otros acuerdos de licencia no exclusiva de distribución de la versión de la obra publicada (p. ej.: depositarla en un archivo telemático institucional o publicarla en un volumen monográfico) siempre que se indique la publicación inicial en esta revista.
4. Se permite y recomienda a los autores/as difundir su obra a través de Internet (p. ej.: en archivos institucionales, en su página web o en redes sociales cientificas como Academia, Researchgate; Mendelay) lo cual puede producir intercambios interesantes y aumentar las citas de la obra publicada. (Véase El efecto del acceso abierto).
