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EVALUACIÓN DEL POTENCIAL AFLATOXIGÉNICO DE AISLADOS DE Aspergillus flavus EN MODELO DE MAÍZ IN VITRO
Evaluation of aflatoxigenic potential of Aspergillus flavus isolates in maize in vitro
Avaliação do potencial aflatoxigênico de isolados de Aspergillus flavus en modelo de milho in vitro
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15446/abc.v28n1.96919Palabras clave:
Aflatoxinas, Aspergillus luchuensis, metabolitos secundarios, micotoxinas, Paraguay, Aspergillus flavus (es)aflatoxins, Aspergillus luchuensis, Aspergillus flavus, secondary metabolites, mycotoxins, Paraguay (en)
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Las aflatoxinas son metabolitos secundarios tóxicos para salud humana y animal producidos por Aspergillus flavus, y que contaminan a los alimentos a lo largo de la cadena productiva. Conocer y caracterizar la población fúngica presente en los alimentos nos sirve para estimar riesgo y diseñar medidas para mitigarlo. Siendo así, el objetivo de este trabajo es caracterizar el potencial toxigénico de aislados de Aspergillus provenientes de maíz en modelos in vitro. Para tal fin, se utilizaron dos aislados de A. flavus (CCM-AS02, CCM-AS29) y uno de Aspergillus luchuensis (CCM-AS04) de la colección de cultivos CCM-UNA. Para evaluar la producción de aflatoxinas en medio de cultivo sintético, se sembraron los aislados en agar coco y agar extracto de levadura y se evaluó la presencia de fluorescencia bajo luz UV (λ= 360 nm). Para determinar el tipo de aflatoxina, se realizó cromatografía en capa delgada. Por último, se realizó la infección in vitro con los aislados en estudio, de maíz avatí-morotĩ, adquirido comercialmente y se determinó la concentración de aflatoxinas con la prueba de inmunoensayo rápido de flujo lateral Afla – V®-VICAM®. Con los resultados obtenidos se puede concluir que los aislados de A. flavus CCM-AS02 y CCM-AS29 provenientes de maíz son aflatoxigénicos en las condiciones ambientales que simulan las naturales y que coinciden con las predominantes en nuestro país, por ello, es necesario crear conciencia del riesgo que representa la contaminación de los granos de maíz con Aspergillus y aflatoxinas y la necesidad de tomar medidas preventivas de control de este hongo.
Aflatoxins are secondary metabolites toxic to human and animal health produced by Aspergillus flavus, and which contaminate food throughout the production chain. Knowing and characterizing the fungal population present in food helps us to estimate risk and design measures to mitigate fungal contamination. Thus, the objective of this work was characterizing the toxigenic potential of Aspergillus isolates from corn in in vitro models. For this purpose, two isolates of Aspergillus flavus (CCM-AS02, CCM-AS29) and one of Aspergillus luchuensis (CCM-AS04) from the CCM-UNA culture collection were used. To evaluate the production of aflatoxins in synthetic culture medium, the isolates were plated on coconut agar and yeast extract agar, and the presence of fluorescence was evaluated under UV light (λ= 360 nm). To determine the type of aflatoxin, a thin layer chromatography was performed. Finally, an in vitro infection was carried out with the isolates under study, from avatí-morotĩ maize, acquired commercially, and the aflatoxin concentration was determined with the Afla-V®-VICAM® lateral fluid rapid immunoassay kit. With the results obtained, it can be concluded that the isolates of A. flavus CCM-AS02 and CCM-AS29 from corn are aflatoxigenic under environmental conditions that simulate natural ones and that coincide with the predominant ones in our country, therefore, it is necessary to create awareness of the risk posed by the contamination of corn grains with Aspergillus and aflatoxins in our region and the need to take preventive measures to control this fungus.
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