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ÍNDICE DE ERRADICACIÓN DE LA RANA TORO (Lithobates catesbeianus) EN LA REGIÓN MEDITERRÁNEA DE BAJA CALIFORNIA, MÉXICO
Bullfrog (Lithobates catesbeianus) Eradication Index in the Mediterranean Region of Baja California, Mexico
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15446/abc.v29n2.101932Keywords:
análisis jerárquico, anfibio invasor, eliminación, especie exótica invasora, sitios piloto (es)invasive amphibian, invasive exotic species, elimination, hierarchical analysis, pilot sites (en)
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Las especies exóticas invasoras representan una amenaza significativa para la biodiversidad mundial. En la península de Baja California (México) estos organismos han proliferado y las medidas tomadas han sido insuficientes para mitigar su expansión y reducir su impacto ambiental. En este estudio, se desarrolló un índice de erradicación específico para la rana toro (Lithobates catesbeianus; Shaw, 1802), clasificada como una de las 100 especies invasoras más dañinas a nivel global. Este índice, basado en el método de Jerarquías Analíticas de Saaty, utiliza 11 variables ambientales y sociales, cuantitativas y cualitativas, para identificar los sitios con mayor potencial de erradicación en la región mediterránea de Baja California. La metodología ofrece el primer enfoque sistemático para evaluar y priorizar las localidades invadidas por la rana toro, identificando áreas con posibilidades óptimas para su erradicación exitosa. Entre las variables más influyentes se destacan la proximidad a cuerpos de agua con presencia de rana toro (30 %), seguida del número de refugios y áreas de migración en un radio de 11 km (22 %), y el tamaño del cuerpo de agua (14 %). Tras evaluar 32 localidades, se han identificado sitios piloto como Rancho Madrigal para iniciar el proceso de erradicación de L. catesbeianus, junto con La Misión y El Rosario, identificados como áreas con alto potencial para su erradicación.
Invasive alien species pose a significant threat to global biodiversity. In the Baja California Peninsula (Mexico), these organisms have proliferated, and measures taken have been insufficient to mitigate their expansion and reduce their environmental impact. In this study, a specific eradication index was developed for the American bullfrog (Lithobates catesbeianus; Shaw, 1802), classified as one of the 100 most harmful invasive species globally. This index, based on Saaty´s Analytical Hierarchy Process, utilizes 11 environmental and social variables, both quantitative and qualitative, to identify sites with the highest potential for eradication in the Mediterranean region of Baja California. The methodology provides the first systematic approach to assess and prioritize locations invaded by the American bullfrog, identifying areas with optimal possibilities for successful eradication. Among the most influential variables are proximity to bodies of water with the presence of bullfrogs (30 %), followed by the number of refuge and migration areas within an 11 km radius (22 %), and the size of the water body (14 %). After evaluating 32 localities, pilot sites such as Rancho Madrigal have been identified to initiate the eradication process of L. catesbeianus, along with La Misión and El Rosario, recognized as areas with high potential for eradication.
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