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WING PHENOTYPIC DIVERSITY IN STINGLESS BEES GENERA (APIDAE: MELIPONINI) FROM ECUADOR AMAZONIA
Diversidad fenotípica alar en géneros de abejas sin aguijón (Apidae: Meliponini) de la Amazonía Ecuatoriana
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15446/abc.v29n1.106788Keywords:
Meliponiculture, Plebeia, Procrustes, Scaura, wing vein (en)Meliponicultura, Plebeia, Procrustes, Scaura, venación alar (es)
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Native stingless bees, Meliponini, are the only social bees that produce honey in addition to honeybees. These bees have been managed in meliponiculture and for crop pollination. In Ecuador, meliponiculture studies are scarce and limited by the lack of species recognition. Traditionally the taxonomic recognition of the species is based on morphological characteristics. In Hymenoptera, the wing shape has proven to be a valuable tool in combination with traditional characters. Due to this, the wing shape was evaluated for discriminating morphospecies in Ecuador’s Amazonian meliponaries. A total of 127 specimens grouped into six genera were analyzed: Melipona (Melikerria) sp., Melipona (Michmelia) sp1., Melipona (Michmelia) sp2., Tetragonisca sp., Paratrigona sp., Nannotrigona sp., Scaura sp., and Plebeia sp. The most significant differences are located at the vein intersection: cubital and cubital 1 (Cu + Cu1), posterior margin of the marginal cell (r and Rs), and basal and posterior marginal cell (M and Rs).
Las abejas nativas sin aguijón, Meliponini, junto con las melíferas son las únicas abejas sociales que producen miel. Las especies de esta Tribu han sido manejadas en meliponicultura y para la polinización de cultivos. En Ecuador, los estudios de meliponicultura son escasos y limitados por la falta de reconocimiento de especies. Tradicionalmente el reconocimiento taxonómico se basa en características morfológicas; en Hymenoptera, la forma del ala ha demostrado ser una herramienta valiosa en combinación con los caracteres tradicionales. Debido a esto, se evaluó la forma del ala para morfoespecies en meliponarios amazónicos de Ecuador. Se analizaron 127 ejemplares agrupados en seis géneros: Melipona (Melikerria) sp., Melipona (Michmelia) sp1., Melipona (Michmelia) sp2., Tetragonisca sp., Paratrigona sp., Nannotrigona sp., Scaura sp., y Plebeia sp. Los cambios más significativos se localizan en la intersección de las venas: cubital y cubital 1 (Cu + Cu1), margen posterior de la celda marginal (r y Rs), y celda marginal basal y posterior (M y Rs).
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