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ACTIVIDAD ANTIFÚNGICA Y CARACTERÍSTICAS DE PROMOCIÓN DE CRECIMIENTO VEGETAL DE Pseudomonas aeruginosa y Enterobacter sp. DEGRADADORAS DE HIDROCARBUROS AISLADAS DE SUELO CONTAMINADO
Antifungal activity and plant growth promotion characteristics of hydrocarbon degrading Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Enterobacter sp. Isolated from polluted soil
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15446/abc.v27n3.92758Keywords:
Bacterias, Diesel, Biodegradación, Actividad contra hongos, Tolerancia a metales (es)Bacteria, Diesel, Biodegradation, Antifungal activity, Metal tolerance (en)
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El diésel es una mezcla compleja de hidrocarburos alifáticos y aromáticos, que por su amplio uso se ha convertido en un contaminante ambiental muy frecuente. Debido a esto, es imperativo explorar alternativas viables y económicas para la remoción de dicho contaminante. El propósito del presente trabajo fue analizar la degradación de diésel por bacterias aisladas de suelo contaminado con esa mezcla de hidrocarburos, así como evaluar su actividad antagónica sobre hongos fitopatógenos, sus características de promoción del crecimiento vegetal y tolerancia a metales. A partir del enriquecimiento en diésel como única fuente de carbono, se obtuvieron los aislados bacterianos J3 y S3, cuya identificación bioquímica y molecular reveló que corresponden a Pseudomonas aeruginosa y Enterobacter sp., respectivamente. Además, se observó que el crecimiento bacteriano fue mejor entre 2 y 5 % de diésel, mientras que el pH óptimo fue de 7,0 y 8,0 en presencia de 3 % de diésel. También, S3 mostró buen crecimiento a concentraciones de hasta 4 % de NaCl. Por otro lado, las bacterias mostraron inhibición del crecimiento micelial de los hongos fitopatógenos Alternaria sp., Botrytis cinerea, Colletotrichum siamense y Fusarium proliferatum. Además de características de promoción de crecimiento vegetal como producción de ácido indol acético (AIA), solubilización de fosfato, producción de sideróforos y surfactantes. También, se observó que las bacterias crecieron en presencia de metales como Zn, Cu, Ba y Pb, en concentraciones de entre 1,5 y >10 mM. En conclusión, las bacterias aisladas e identificadas en este estudio presentan características que las hacen excelentes candidatas para la remoción de hidrocarburos solas o mediante fitorremediación por sus características de promoción de crecimiento vegetal.
Diesel oil is a complex mixture of aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons, which due to the wide usage has become a frequent environmental pollutant. Then, it is imperative to explore viable and economic alternatives for diesel oil degradation. The purpose of this work was to analyze the degradation of diesel oil by bacteria isolated from polluted soil, as well as to evaluate the antagonistic activity against phytopathogenic fungi, the plant growth promotion characteristics, and metal tolerance. From the enrichment in diesel oil as carbon source the J3 and S3 bacterial isolates were obtained, the biochemical and molecular identification indicates that these isolates were Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Enterobacter sp., respectively. Furthermore, the bacterial growth between 2 and 5 % of diesel oil was better, whereas the optimal pH was of 7.0 and 8.0 in the presence of 3 % of diesel oil, also, S3 showed growth at concentration of 4 % of NaCl. Even more, both bacteria showed inhibition of the phytopathogenic fungi Alternaria sp., Botrytis cinerea, Colletotrichum siamense and Fusarium proliferatum and plant growth promoting traits as indoleacetic acid (IAA) production, phosphate solubilization, siderophores and surfactant production. Also, bacterial growth was observed specially for Zn, Cu, Ba, and Pb, in concentrations between 1.5 and >10 mM. In conclusion, the bacteria identified in this study presented characteristics that made them good candidates for the remotion of hydrocarbons alone or by phytoremediation due to its haracteristics of plant growth promotion.
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