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Fusarium species that cause corn stalk rot in the Ubaté valley of Cundinamarca, Colombia
Especies de Fusarium que causan la pudrición del tallo del maíz en el valle de Ubaté en Cundinamarca, Colombia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15446/agron.colomb.v40n2.102465Keywords:
Zea mays L., Fusarium graminearum species complex (FGSC), Fusarium fujikuroi species complex (FFSC), corn lodging, cold-climate corn (en)Zea mays L., complejo de especies de Fusarium graminearum (FGSC), complejo de especies de Fusarium fujikuroi (FFSC), volcamiento del maíz, maíz de clima frío (es)
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In recent years, corn (Zea mays L.) crops in the Colombian cold tropics located in the Ubaté valley in Cundinamarca have been affected by stalk rot with incidences up to 40%. Despite the importance of this disease, accurate diagnosis has not been conducted. The objectives of the study were to determine the causal agents of corn lodging associated with stalk rot in this corn-producing region and describe the symptoms of the disease. Two plots with stalk rot reported in the municipality of Simijaca in July 2016 were sown with the regional varieties Simijaca and Sogamoso. Plants were randomly inspected on a monthly basis for describing disease symptoms and isolating the pathogen. The Fusarium species isolated were morphologically and molecularly identified and pathogenicity tests were conducted. The disease was detected at early plant developmental stages with the combination of chlorosis, leaf anthocyanosis, and dwarfism as the main symptoms in the two corn varieties evaluated. Crown and node necrosis in longitudinal sections of the stalk and purple colorations in the crown, nodes and internodes of plants were observed 90 d after sowing. Finally, lodging occurred at any phenological stage of the crop. Fusarium spp. were isolated in all stages of plant development. Fusarium species were identified as F. graminearum in the Fusarium graminearum species complex and F. subglutinans in the Fusarium fujikuroi species complex, which have cold-climate production zones as their ecological niche. Pathogenicity tests confirmed F. graminearum and F. subglutinans as the causal agents of stalk rot in the regional corn variety Simijaca in the Ubate valley in Cundinamarca.
En los últimos años, los cultivos de maíz (Zea mays L.) en el trópico frío colombiano localizados en el valle de Ubaté en Cundinamarca han sido afectados por una pudrición del tallo con incidencias hasta del 40%. A pesar de la importancia de esta enfermedad, no se ha realizado un diagnóstico preciso. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar los agentes causales del volcamiento de maíz asociado a la pudrición del tallo en esta región productora y describir los síntomas de la enfermedad. Dos lotes con registro de pudrición de tallo en el municipio de Simijaca en el valle de Ubaté en julio de 2016 fueron sembrados con las variedades regionales Simijaca y Sogamoso. Las plantas fueron inspeccionadas aleatoriamente de forma mensual para describir los síntomas de la enfermedad y aislar el patógeno. Las especies de Fusarium aisladas fueron morfológicamente y molecularmente identificadas y se realizaron las pruebas de patogenicidad en maíz. La enfermedad fue detectada en estados tempranos de desarrollo de la planta como la combinación de clorosis, antocianosis de las hojas y enanismo de la planta; estos como los principales síntomas en las dos variedades de maíz evaluadas. La necrosis de cuello y nudos fue observada en cortes longitudinales del tallo y coloraciones púrpura en cuello, nudos y entrenudos de la planta fueron observados 90 d después de la siembra. Finalmente, el volcamiento ocurrió en cualquier estado fenológico del cultivo. Fusarium spp. fue aislado en todos los estados de desarrollo de la planta. Las especies de Fusarium fueron identificadas como F. graminearum perteneciente al complejo de especies Fusarium graminearum y F. subglutinans perteneciente al complejo de especies Fusarium fujikuroi, las cuales tienen las zonas de producción de clima frío como su nicho ecológico. Las pruebas de patogenicidad confirmaron a F. graminearum y F. subglutinans como los agentes causales de la pudrición del tallo en la variedad regional de maíz Simijaca en el valle de Ubaté en Cundinamarca.
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