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Effect of genotype-environment interaction on soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merrill) germination, vigor index, and seed yield
Efecto de la interacción genotipo por ambiente sobre la germinación, índice de vigor y rendimiento de la semilla de soya (Glycine max (L.) Merrill)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15446/agron.colomb.v41n2.108748Keywords:
environmental adaptation, seed quality, stability, water stress, oilseed crop, viability (en)adaptación ambiental, calidad de semillas, estabilidad, estrés hídrico, cultivo oleaginoso, viabilidad (es)
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The adverse edaphoclimatic conditions in the Orinoquía region affect the soybean crop cycle, deteriorating seed quality. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of the genotype (G), the environment (E), and their interaction (GxE) on the yield and seed quality of six soybean varieties (Corpoica Superior 6, Orinoquía 3, Soyica P34, Corpoica Taluma 5, and Agrosavia Primavera 11 of Colombian origin and Barreira of Brazilian origin) in five environments of the Orinoquía Colombia region, two in the second half of 2020 (LIBB: La Libertad and TALB: Taluma) and three in the first half of 2021 (LIBA: La Libertad, TALA: Taluma, and LEONAS), to determine their adaptation domain. Highly significant differences (P<0.01) were observed between G, E, and GxE for germination (GER) and seed yield (SY). A similar situation was shown by the vigor index (VI), although without differences between environments. The GGE biplot for GER, and SY separated environments by year halves. Taluma during the first half was the most discriminating environment for the response variables, useful for genetic breeding programs with a seed quality approach. Only in La Libertad during the second half was GER above 80%. The most stable variety per environment was Soyica P34 in two response variables, and the best with specific adaptation were Corpoica Superior 6 and Orinoquía 3. These last two reached higher average values in GER (69.6%; 63.1%), VI (13.3; 13.4), and SY (1473 kg ha-1; 1404 kg ha-1).
Las condiciones edafoclimáticas adversas en la Orinoquía afectan el ciclo de cultivo de soya deteriorando la calidad de las semillas. El objetivo de este estudio fue investigar el efecto del genotipo-(G), el ambiente-(A) y su interacción-(GxA) sobre el rendimiento y la calidad de las semillas de seis variedades de soya (Corpoica Superior 6, Orinoquía 3, Soyica P34, Corpoica Taluma 5 y Agrosavia Primavera 11 de origen colombiano, y Barreira de origen brasilero) en cinco ambientes de la Orinoquía, Colombia, dos en el segundo semestre de 2020 (LIBB: La Libertad y TALB: Taluma) y tres en el primer semestre de 2021 (LIBA: La Libertad, TALA: Taluma y LEONAS), para determinar el dominio de adaptación. Se observaron diferencias altamente significativas (P<0.01) entre G, A y GxA para germinación (GER) y rendimiento de semillas (RS). Situación similar mostró el índice de vigor (VI), aunque sin diferencias entre ambientes. El biplot-GGA para GER y RS separó ambientes por semestre. Taluma, durante el primer semestre, fue el ambiente más discriminante para las variables respuesta, útil para programas de mejoramiento genético enfocados en calidad de semillas. Solamente en La Libertad durante el segundo semestre, GER estuvo por encima del 80%. La variedad más estable por ambiente fue Soyica P34 en dos variables respuesta, y las mejores con adaptación específica fueron Corpoica Superior 6 y Orinoquia 3. Estas dos últimas alcanzaron valores promedios más altos de GER (69.6%; 63.1%), VI (13.3; 13.4) y RS (1473 kg ha-1; 1404 kg ha-1).
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