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Application of herbicides in green cover crops to reduce Meloidogyne javanica inoculum in soybean plants
Aplicación de herbicidas en cultivos de cobertura verde para reducir el inóculo de Meloidogyne javanica en plantas de soya
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15446/agron.colomb.v41n3.109740Keywords:
antagonistic plant, crop management, crop rotation, root-knot nematode (en)planta antagónica, manejo de cultivos, rotación de cultivos, nematodo del nudo radical (es)
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Nematodes are among the main plant parasites affecting Brazilian agriculture. Management practices involving the use of antagonistic or non-host plants are crucial for combating Meloidogyne javanica populations in the country. However, there is still limited information on the effects of herbicides on nematode populations. The aim of this research was to evaluate the impact of herbicides applied to crops on M. javanica populations in soybean and to examine the direct effect of herbicide products on the hatching of nematode juveniles. We conducted greenhouse and in vitro experiments. In the greenhouse experiment, soybean plants were grown in pots with sterile substrate, and a soybean seed was inoculated with 2000 nematodes per plant. The plants grew for 60 d, after which they were cut, and the following cover crops were planted: Crotalaria spectabilis, pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan), Stylosanthes, and buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum) for 60 d. These cover crops were desiccated with one of the following three herbicides: fomesafen, chlorimuron, or bentazone. Subsequently, soybeans were replanted and cultivated for additional 60 d. In vitro assays were used to determine the hatching percentage of M. javanica eggs exposed to herbicides. Both tests were repeated at different times of the year (Trials 1 and 2). Meloidogyne javanica reproduction was higher on soybean crops grown when buckwheat was a cover crop. Herbicide application reduced total nematode numbers in soybean grown in succession to buckwheat compared with the untreated control. The vegetative development of soybean crops was negatively influenced by herbicide treatment of cover crops, especially with the use of chlorimuron. Bentazone and fomesafen did not affect nematode hatching in vitro.
Los nematodos se encuentran entre los principales parásitos de las plantas que afectan la agricultura brasileña. Las prácticas de manejo que involucran el uso de plantas antagónicas o no hospederas son cruciales para el combate de las poblaciones de Meloidogyne javanica en el país. Todavía hay poca información sobre el efecto de los herbicidas en las poblaciones de nematodos. El objetivo de la presente investigación fue evaluar el efecto de los herbicidas aplicados a los cultivos de cobertura en las poblaciones de M. javanica en la soya y examinar el efecto in vitro de los herbicidas en la eclosión de los nematodos juveniles. Se realizaron experimentos de invernadero e in vitro. En el experimento de invernadero, las plantas de soya se cultivaron en macetas con substrato estéril y luego se sembró una semilla de soya la cual se inoculó con 2000 nematodos por planta. Las plantas crecieron durante 60 d, luego se cortaron y se sembraron los siguientes cultivos de cobertura: Crotalaria spectabilis, guandú (Cajanus cajan), Stylosanthes y trigo sarraceno (Fagopyrum esculentum) durante 60 d y se desecaron con uno de los siguientes tres herbicidas: fomesafen, clorimuron o bentazon. Posteriormente, se volvió a sembrar soya y se cultivó durante 60 d adicionales. Se realizaron ensayos in vitro para determinar el porcentaje de eclosión de huevos de M. javanica expuestos a los herbicidas. Ambas pruebas se repitieron en diferentes épocas del año (ensayos 1 y 2). La reproducción de M. javanica fue mayor en los cultivos de soya que crecieron después del trigo sarraceno. La aplicación de herbicidas redujo el número total de nematodos en la soya cultivada en sucesión al trigo sarraceno en comparación con el control no tratado. El desarrollo vegetativo de los cultivos de soya fue influenciado negativamente por el tratamiento herbicida de los cultivos de cobertura, especialmente con el uso de clorimuron. Bentazon y fomesafen no afectaron la eclosión de nematodos in vitro.
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