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Characterization of Trichoderma species from agricultural soils of Paraguay
Caracterización de especies de Trichoderma de suelos agrícolas de Paraguay
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15446/agron.colomb.v41n3.111299Keywords:
biological control, phylogenetics, fungi, taxonomy (en)control biológico, filogenética, hongos, taxonomía (es)
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There is a growing interest in the development of sustainable alternatives to the use of chemical pesticides for pest management in agricultural systems. This research aimed to isolate and characterize native strains of Trichoderma spp. from different soils of Paraguay using morphological and molecular criteria. We processed plant and soil samples from eight commercial farms distributed in different departments of Paraguay and isolated 14 monosporic isolates of Trichoderma spp., obtaining two isolates from the Department of Alto Paraná (FCQ36 and FCQ37), four isolates from Cordillera (FCQ42, FCQ43, FCQ44, and FCQ46), one isolate from Central (FCQ32), and seven isolates from Itapúa (FCQ13, FCQ16, FCQ18, FCQ19, FCQ21, FCQ23, and FCQ47). In addition, phylogenetic analyses using the ITS and tef1α loci were carried out. A better resolution of the tef1a gene than the ITS region was observed. Moreover, a third phylogenetic tree from the concatenated ITS and tef1α sequences matrix was generated, obtaining the same topology with higher bootstrap support values. Through this approach, we reported for the first time the presence of Trichoderma koningiopsis (FCQ19, FCQ36, and FCQ37), Trichoderma neokoningii (FCQ13), and Trichoderma asperellum (FCQ42, FCQ43, FCQ44, and FCQ46), Trichoderma brevicompactum (FCQ18 and FCQ21), and Trichoderma longibrachiatum (FCQ 47) in Paraguay. The Trichoderma species identified in this study can be used to develop effective biocontrol products for agricultural and industrial purposes in Paraguay.
Existe un creciente interés en el desarrollo de alternativas sostenibles al uso de plaguicidas químicos para el manejo de plagas en los sistemas agrícolas. El objetivo de este trabajo fue aislar y caracterizar por criterios morfológicos y moleculares cepas nativas de Trichoderma spp. de diferentes suelos de Paraguay. Se procesaron muestras de plantas y suelo de ocho fincas comerciales distribuidas en diferentes departamentos de Paraguay para el aislamiento de 14 aislados monospóricos de Trichoderma spp., obteniendo dos aislados del Departamento de Alto Paraná (FCQ36 y FCQ37), cuatro aislados de Cordillera (FCQ42, FCQ43, FCQ44 y FCQ46), un aislado de Central (FCQ32) y siete aislados de Itapúa (FCQ13, FCQ16, FCQ18, FCQ19, FCQ21, FCQ23 y FCQ47). Además, se realizaron análisis filogenéticos utilizando los loci ITS y tef1α. Se observó una mejor resolución del gen tef1α en comparación con la región ITS. Además, se generó un tercer árbol filogenético a partir de la matriz concatenada de ambas secuencias ITS y tef1α obteniendo la misma topología con mayores valores de soporte bootstrap. A través de este enfoque, se reporta por primera vez la presencia de Trichoderma koningiopsis (FCQ19, FCQ36 y FCQ37), Trichoderma neokoningii (FCQ13) y Trichoderma asperellum (FCQ42, FCQ43, FCQ44 y FCQ46), Trichoderma brevicompactum (FCQ18 y FCQ21) y Trichoderma longibrachiatum (FCQ47) en Paraguay. Las especies de Trichoderma identificadas en este trabajo pueden ser utilizadas en el desarrollo de productos de control biológico eficaces para fines agrícolas e industriales en Paraguay.
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