Spatial variability of soil penetration resistance in cotton growing areas
Variabilidad espacial de la resistencia del suelo a la penetración en las zonas algodoneras
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15446/agron.colomb.v42n1.112273Keywords:
soil compaction, geostatistics, Gossypium hirsutum, kriging (en)compactación de suelo, geoestadística, Gossypium hirsutum, kriging (es)
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Resistance to soil penetration is a problem in cotton growing areas; this harms plant development and crop productivity. An analysis of spatial variability allows studying the variability of soil physical properties, especially those related to compaction and resistance to penetration. The hypothesis of this study was based on the possibility of evaluating soil compaction in areas cultivated with cotton crops through an analysis of spatial variability. Thus, the aim of the study was to evaluate the spatial variability of soil resistance to penetration and its effects on cotton productivity. The research was carried out in Paraíso das Águas, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil, in an agricultural area belonging to Fazenda Indaiá II. The experimental area consisted of a plot of 60 ha, where cotton seeds of the FM 978 6LTP cultivar were planted. The x and y directions of the Cartesian coordinate system were defined and the experimental mesh was staked, spaced 9.9 m apart. Cotton productivity was evaluated (t ha-1) as well as gravimetric soil moisture at a depth of 0 to 0.20 m as well as mechanical resistance to penetration in the following layers: 0 to 0.10 m (RP1), 0.10 to 0.20 m (RP2), 0.20 to 0.30 m (RP3), 0.30 to 0.40 m (RP4), 0.40 to 0.50 m (RP5), 0.50 to 0.60 m (RP6), including average penetration resistance (RPM). For each evaluated variable, classical descriptive analysis and analysis of spatial variability were carried out, with the construction of semi-variogram and later kriging and cokriging maps. To analyze the dependence and spatial interdependence between the variables, the soil resistance to penetration showed spatial variability in the cotton crops; and there was an inversely proportional relationship between cotton productivity and soil resistance to penetration, where the lower the penetration resistance, the higher the cotton productivity.
LLa resistencia a la penetración del suelo es un problema en las zonas de cultivo de algodón, ya que perjudica el desarrollo de las plantas y la productividad de los cultivos. El análisis de variabilidad espacial permite estudiar la variabilidad de las propiedades físicas del suelo, especialmente aquellas relacionadas con la compactación, como la resistencia a la penetración. La hipótesis de este trabajo se basó en la posibilidad de evaluar la compactación del suelo en áreas cultivadas con cultivos de algodón a través del análisis de variabilidad espacial. Así, el objetivo del trabajo fue evaluar la variabilidad espacial de la resistencia a la penetración y sus efectos sobre la productividad del algodón. El trabajo se realizó en Paraíso das Águas, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brasil, en una zona agrícola perteneciente a la Fazenda Indaiá II. El área experimental estuvo compuesta por una parcela con una superficie de 60 ha, donde se sembraron semillas de algodón del cultivar FM 978 6LTP. Se definieron las direcciones x y y del sistema de coordenadas cartesianas y se plantó la malla experimental, espaciada 9,9 m. Se evaluó la productividad del algodón, (t ha-1), la humedad gravimétrica del suelo a una profundidad de 0 a 0,20 m y la resistencia mecánica a la penetración en las capas: de 0 a 0,10 m (RP1), de 0,10 a 0,20 m (RP2), 0,20 a 0,30 m (RP3), 0,30 a 0,40 m (RP4), 0,40 a 0,50 m (RP5), 0,50 a 0,60 m (RP6) y resistencia media a la penetración (RPM). Para cada variable estudiada se realizó un análisis descriptivo clásico y un análisis de variabilidad espacial, con la construcción de semivariograma y posteriormente mapas de kriging y cokriging, para analizar la dependencia e interdependencia espacial entre las variables. La resistencia a la penetración del suelo presentó variabilidad espacial en áreas algodoneras y existió una relación inversamente proporcional entre la productividad del algodón y la resistencia a la penetración del suelo, donde a menor resistencia a la penetración, mayor es la productividad del algodón.
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