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Effects of phosphine and plant extracts on flower thrips mortality and the quality of cut flowers
Efectos de la fosfina y extractos de plantas sobre la mortalidad de trips de las flores y la calidad de flores de corte
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15446/agron.colomb.v42n1.112909Keywords:
postharvest phytosanitary treatment, chili garlic extract, quarantine pest, rose, chrysanthemum, hydrangea, carnation, alstroemeria (en)tratamiento fitosanitario poscosecha, extracto de ajo ají, plaga cuarentenaria, rosa, crisantemo, hortensia, clavel, astromelia (es)
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Flower thrips represent a complex of significant quarantine species affecting the cut flower market in Colombia. The aim of this research was to evaluate postharvest treatments using phosphine in conjunction with a plant extract for thrips control and quality control of five cut flower species. Eight treatments were used: six employed a commercial dose of magnesium phosphide as a source of phosphine, one used a double dose and a control group without phosphine application. The first six treatments followed a bi-factorial structure, incorporating three exposure times and the addition of a chili-garlic extract. Thrips control efficacy was evaluated using the Schneider-Orelli index based on field-collected samples. Postharvest quality assessments were conducted on roses, carnations, alstroemerias, chrysanthemums, and hydrangeas over an 18-d period following treatment application. Differences in efficacy were observed between the two locations (the blocking factor). Discrepancies in phosphine efficacy may be related to the variations in populations collected from different crops and locations, both in the departments of Cundinamarca and Antioquia. Variations in magnesium phosphide concentration, both at the commercial dose of 3.4 g m-3 and double this amount (2X) did not produce significant differences in treatment efficacy or flower quality. The use of chili pepper and garlic extract applied by nebulization at 3°C combined with phosphine application also did not significantly affect thrips mortality efficacy. The factor most influencing efficacy improvement was exposure time, as longer time periods led to better thrips control. Furthermore, we found that longer exposure times did not affect visual quality or vase life, assessed through changes in color, physiopathies, and chlorophyll content.
Los “trips de las flores” representan un complejo de importantes especies cuarentenarias que afectan al mercado de la flor cortada en Colombia. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar tratamientos poscosecha con fosfina y un extracto vegetal para el control de los trips y la calidad de cinco especies de flor cortada. Se aplicaron ocho tratamientos: seis de ellos empleando una dosis comercial de fosfuro de magnesio como fuente de fosfina, uno utilizando una dosis doble, y un grupo de control sin aplicación de fosfina. Los seis primeros tratamientos siguieron una estructura bifactorial, incorporando tres tiempos de exposición y la adición de un extracto de ajo-ají. La eficacia del control de trips se evaluó mediante el índice de Schneider-Orelli basado en individuos colectados en campo. Se realizaron evaluaciones de la calidad poscosecha en rosas, claveles, astromelias, crisantemos y hortensias durante un periodo de 18 d tras la aplicación del tratamiento. Se encontraron diferencias en la eficacia entre las dos ubicaciones (el factor de bloqueo). Las discrepancias en la eficacia de la fosfina podrían estar relacionadas con las variaciones en las poblaciones recolectadas de diferentes cultivos y ubicaciones, tanto en el departamento de Cundinamarca como en el departamento de Antioquia. Las variaciones en la concentración de fosfuro de magnesio, tanto a la dosis comercial de 3.4 g m-3 como al doble de esta (2X), no mostraron diferencias significativas en la eficacia del tratamiento ni en la calidad de las flores. El uso del extracto a base de ajo y ají, aplicado por nebulización a 3°C combinado con la aplicación de fosfina, tampoco afectó significativamente la eficacia del control de los trips. El factor que más influyó en la mejora de la eficacia fue el tiempo de exposición, ya que períodos más largos condujeron a un mejor control de los trips. Además, se encontró que los tiempos de exposición más prolongados no afectaron la calidad visual ni la vida útil en el jarrón, evaluada mediante la variabilidad en los cambios en el color, el contenido de clorofila y la presencia de fisiopatias.
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