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Preliminary findings on biocontrol of bacterial wilt and canker of tomato (Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis) using Trichoderma harzianum after biofumigation
Hallazgos preliminares sobre el biocontrol del marchitamiento y cancro bacteriano del tomate (Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis) utilizando Trichoderma harzianum luego de una biofumigaciòn
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15446/agron.colomb.v42n2.114659Keywords:
biological control, phytopathogenic bacteria, tomato yield, microbial antagonists (en)control biológico, bacteria fitopatógena, rendimiento de tomate, antagonistas microbianos (es)
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One of the most aggressive bacterial diseases in tomato crops is bacterial wilt and canker caused by Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis (Cmm). Chemical control is questioned due to its negative effects on health and the environment. Within integrated disease management, one alternative is biocontrol with Trichoderma species. Another technique is biofumigation, which releases volatile compounds into the soil that inhibit soil-borne fungi and stimulate plant health. The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential of biofumigation and the use of Trichoderma harzianum for the control of bacterial wilt and tomato canker caused by Cmm in vitro and their effect on yields in a commercial tomato crop. The inhibition of phytopathogenic bacteria of the in vitro test and the number and weight of fruits per plant in a greenhouse were evaluated. The treatments were: tomato plants inoculated with Cmm with or without two strains of T. harzianum, alone and in combination with biofumigation. The in vitro test results showed, with both strains, no significant differences between the treatments, although the growth of Cmm was lower in the combination biofumigation and T. harzianum. One of the strains of T. harzianum (Th118) performed better than the other for yield (weight and number of fruits). However, the results do not show a synergistic effect between T. harzianum and biofumigation in the observed yield values.
Una de las enfermedades bacterianas más agresivas en el cultivo de tomate es el marchitamiento y cancro bacteriano ocasionado por Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis (Cmm). Su control químico es cuestionado por sus efectos negativos en la salud y el ambiente. Dentro de un manejo integrado de enfermedades una alternativa es el biocontrol con especies de Trichoderma. Otra técnica es la biofumigación que libera al suelo compuestos volátiles que inhiben fitopatógenos y favorecen la sanidad de las plantas. El objetivo del estudio fue evaluar el potencial de la biofumigación y el uso de Trichoderma harzianum para el control de la marchitez bacteriana y cancro del tomate causado por Cmm in vitro y observar el efecto sobre los rendimientos en un cultivo comercial. Se evaluó el número y peso de frutos por planta, donde los tratamientos fueron: plantas de tomates inoculadas con Cmm en presencia o ausencia de dos cepas de T. harzianum solas y en combinación con biofumigación. Los resultados de los ensayos in vitro mostraron que a pesar de que no hubo diferencias significativas entre los tratamientos, el crecimiento de Cmm fue menor en la combinación biofumigación y T. harzianum. Una de las cepas de T. harzianum, (Th118), tuvo mejor comportamiento que la otra, teniendo en cuenta el efecto sobre el rendimiento (peso y número de frutos). Por otro lado, los resultados no muestran un efecto sinérgico entre T. harzianum y la biofumigación en los valores de rendimiento observados.
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