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Improvement of growth and productivity in potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) crop by using biostimulants
Mejora del crecimiento y productividad del cultivo de papa (Solanum tuberosum L.) mediante el uso de bioestimulantes
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15446/agron.colomb.v42n2.114683Keywords:
seaweed extracts, carboxylic acids, plant biostimulation, sustainable production (en)extractos de algas marinas, ácidos carboxílicos, bioestimulación de plantas, producción sostenible (es)
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In Colombia, potato cultivation has significant social and economic importance for the population; however, rising input costs and low yields have led to a decline in the areas planted in the country. Biostimulants are substances or microorganisms that can enhance yield by improving the physiological processes of the plants. In Colombia, there are few studies evaluating their efficiency on potato productivity. Therefore, the aim of this research was to assess the effect of biostimulant applications on the growth and productivity of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) variety ‘CIP 39’ under the conditions of the municipality of Paipa, Boyacá department. A completely randomized design was used, with four treatments corresponding to commercially registered biostimulants with an active hormonal ingredient, seaweed extract (SWE), or carboxylic acids, and a control. Variables such as fresh and dry weight of roots, shoots, and total biomass, leaf area index (LAI), yield by quality, and total yield were evaluated. The application of biostimulants resulted in improved physiological response of the plants. The SWE-based biostimulant exhibited a better balance in terms of fresh and dry biomass, as well as in LAI, leading to a significant increase in quality and yield. This indicates that the application of biostimulants can be an alternative to increase productivity in this production system.
En Colombia el cultivo de papa tiene gran importancia social y económica para la población; sin embargo, el aumento de los precios de los insumos y los bajos rendimientos han generado una caída en las áreas sembradas del país. Los bioestimulantes son sustancias o microorganismos que pueden mejorar el rendimiento, a través de la mejora de los procesos fisiológicos de la planta. En Colombia hay escasos estudios que evalúen la eficiencia de aquellos sobre la productividad en el cultivo de papa; por esto el objetivo de esta investigación fue evaluar el efecto de las aplicaciones de bioestimulantes en el crecimiento y productividad del cultivo de papa (Solanum tuberosum L.) variedad ‘CIP 39’ bajo condiciones del municipio de Paipa, departamento de Boyacá. Se utilizó un diseño completamente al azar, con cuatro tratamientos que correspondieron a bioestimulantes comerciales registrados cuyo compuesto activo fuera de tipo hormonal, extracto de algas marinas (EAM) o ácidos carboxílicos, y un control. Se evaluaron las variables de peso fresco y seco de raíz, parte aérea y total, índice de área foliar (IAF), rendimiento por calidades y total. La aplicación de bioestimulantes resultó en una mejor respuesta fisiológica de la planta. El bioestimulante a base de EAM mostró un mejor balance en cuanto a la biomasa fresca y seca, así como en el IAF; esto generó un aumento significativo de la calidad y el rendimiento. Esto indica que la aplicación de bioestimulantes puede ser una alternativa para aumentar la productividad en este sistema productivo.
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