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Fallow improves the growth and yield of green beans and changes the rhizosphere microbial communities
Suelos en barbecho mejoran el crecimiento y rendimiento de habichuela y modifican las comunidades microbianas de la rizosfera
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15446/agron.colomb.v43n1.116146Keywords:
enzimatic activity, microbiome, Phaseolus vulgaris, soil health, soil fertility (en)actividad enzimática, microbioma, Phaseolus vulgaris, salud del suelo, fertilidad del suelo (es)
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Soil microorganisms support key ecosystem services for agriculture, and some agricultural practices can increase soil microbial activity and improve crop productivity. Fallow periods have been considered a strategy for restoring biological activity. However, our understanding of the link between fallow periods and the biological activity restored remains limited. The present study evaluated soil microbial communities under two different management strategies: continuous agriculture and fallow. Soil physicochemical parameters and microbial communities were determined through microbiological, biochemical, and molecular techniques. The results showed that fallow soil had significantly higher values (P<0.05) of organic matter, pH, counts of soil microorganisms, and soil enzymatic activities than agricultural soil. Finally, the evaluation of plant growth showed that plants in fallow soil grew significantly better (P<0.05) than those in agricultural soil. However, after sterilization, the differences between the two soils disappeared. Leaving the soil in fallow periods allows the accumulation of organic matter, the growth of key microbial functional groups, the enhancement of soil enzymatic activities, and a significant improvement in plant growth and yield.
Los microorganismos del suelo soportan servicios ecosistémicos clave para la agricultura, y algunas prácticas agrícolas pueden aumentar la actividad microbiana del suelo y mejorar la productividad de los cultivos. Los períodos de barbecho se han considerado una estrategia para la restauración de la actividad biológica. Sin embargo, nuestra comprensión de la relación entre los períodos de barbecho y la actividad biológica restaurada sigue siendo limitada. El presente estudio evaluó las comunidades microbianas del suelo bajo dos estrategias de manejo diferentes: agricultura continua y barbecho. Se determinaron parámetros fisicoquímicos del suelo y comunidades microbianas mediante técnicas microbiológicas, bioquímicas y moleculares. Los resultados mostraron que el suelo en barbecho presentó valores significativamente más altos (P<0.05) de materia orgánica, pH, conteo de microorganismos del suelo y actividades enzimáticas en comparación con el suelo agrícola. Además, la evaluación del crecimiento vegetal reveló que las plantas en suelo en barbecho crecieron significativamente mejor (P<0.05) que en suelo agrícola. Sin embargo, tras someter los suelos a un proceso de esterilización, las diferencias entre ellos desaparecieron. Dejar el suelo en barbecho permite la acumulación de materia orgánica, el crecimiento de grupos funcionales microbianos clave, la mejora de las actividades enzimáticas del suelo y un aumento significativo en el crecimiento y rendimiento de las plantas.
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