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Efficacy of aqueous extracts of neem (Azadirachta indica) leaves in the control of date palm Boufaroua (Oligonychus afrasiaticus) in Algeria
Eficacia de los extractos acuosos de hojas de neem (Azadirachta indica) en el control de Boufaroua (Oligonychus afrasiaticus) en la palma datilera en Argelia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15446/agron.colomb.v42n3.116163Keywords:
biological control, biopesticide, mite, Sahara (en)control biológico, biopesticida, ácaro, Sahara (es)
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In Algeria, the neem plant Azadirachta indica (Magnoliopsida: Sapindales: Meliaceae) has insecticidal and miticidal properties. The use of such a natural biopesticide, preserving the environment and human health, is necessary. We conducted this study to evaluate the efficacy of aqueous extracts of A. indica leaves in the control of Oligonychus afrasiaticus (Arachnida: Trombidiformes: Tetranychidae) (Boufaroua), one of the main pests of the date palm. The results obtained showed a highly significant effect (P<0.001) in the control of this pest for the two doses applied (D1: 100% stock solution of aqueous extracts of neem leaves, D2: 25% dilution of the stock solution). The mortality rate against Boufaroua was 97.61% and 96.36%, respectively, for the two doses used, with no significant difference between them. These highly effective and widely available extracts can be used to control pest populations of date palm such as O. afrasiaticus. The results obtained for this biochemical control method are technically effective and economically affordable, given the widespread availability of neem over a large part of southern Algeria. It would be worthwhile extending neem cultivation to all regions where Boufaroua is abundant. This practice would help to protect human health and the environment.
En Argelia, el árbol de neem Azadirachta indica (Magnoliopsida: Sapindales: Meliaceae) tiene propiedades insecticidas y acaricidas. Su uso como biopesticida natural que preserva el medio ambiente y la salud humana es necesario. Llevamos a cabo este estudio para evaluar la eficacia de extractos acuosos de hojas de A. indica en el control de Oligonychus afrasiaticus (Arachnida: Trombidiformes: Tetranychidae) (Boufaroua), una de las principales plagas de la palmera datilera. Los resultados obtenidos mostraron un efecto insecticida altamente significativo (P<0.001) en el control de esta plaga con las dos dosis aplicadas (D1: 100% es la solución madre de extractos acuosos de hojas de neem, D2: diluida al 25% de la solución madre). La tasa de mortalidad al aplicar este producto contra la Boufaroua fue respectivamente de 97,61% y 96,36% para las dos dosis utilizadas, sin que se observaran diferencias significativas entre las dos dosis aplicadas. Estos extractos son eficaces y ampliamente
disponibles, por lo que pueden utilizarse en el control de plagas de la palmera datilera tales como O. afrasiaticus. Los resultados obtenidos para este método de control bioquímico son técnicamente eficaces y económicamente asequibles, dada la disponibilidad de la planta en gran parte del sur de Argelia. Sería conveniente extender el cultivo de neem a todas las regiones donde abunde la Boufaroua. Esta práctica contribuirá a proteger la salud humana y el medio ambiente.
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