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The impact of vegetation cover on soil erosion in the drainage network of banana crop
El impacto de la cobertura vegetal en la erosión del suelo en la red de drenaje del cultivo de banano
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15446/agron.colomb.v42n3.116294Keywords:
soil conservation, erosion estimation, Musaceae, soil loss (en)conservación de suelo, estimativa de erosión, Musaceae, pérdida de suelo (es)
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In Urabá (Colombia), precipitation generates high rates of soil erosion in banana drainage systems due to its intensity and frequency, as well as soil susceptibility resulting from exposure. One approach to mitigate this erosion is the use of a vegetation cover. The aim of this study was to determine the impact of vegetation cover on soil erosion rates in the drainage systems of a banana plantation. For this purpose, a comparison was made during the last quarter of 2022 between experimentally measured erosion rates (simulated in a greenhouse), observed erosion rates (using sedimentation boxes in field drainage channels), and potential estimation (using the USLE equation). In the greenhouse, bare soils presented higher losses at 38.16 t ha-1 year-1, statistically differing from conventional management (CMT) and vegetation cover (VCT) treatments, which recorded values of 24.70 and 18.97 t ha-1 year-1, respectively. A similar trend was observed in the field. Based on estimated erosion potential (USLE), no differences between treatments were identified, with CMT exhibiting the highest erosion potential at 96.47 t ha-1 year-1. Additionally, other soil variables, such as slope and type of soil, influenced erosion susceptibility regardless of the kind of existing cover.
En Urabá (Colombia), la precipitación genera tasas de erosión del suelo altas en los sistemas de drenaje de banano debido a la intensidad, frecuencia y susceptibilidad del suelo resultante de la exposición. Una alternativa para mitigar esto es el uso de cobertura vegetal. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar el impacto de dicha cobertura en las tasas de erosión del suelo en los sistemas de drenaje de una plantación de banano. Para ello, se realizó una comparación durante el último trimestre de 2022 entre las tasas de erosión medidas experimentalmente, simuladas en un invernadero, y las tasas de erosión observadas utilizando cajas de sedimentación en los canales de drenaje en campo, junto con una estimación potencial utilizando la ecuación USLE. En el invernadero, los suelos sin cobertura presentaron mayores pérdidas con 38,16 t ha-1 año-1, diferenciándose estadísticamente de los tratamientos de manejo convencional (TMC) y cobertura vegetal (TCV), que tuvieron valores de 24,70 y 18,97 t ha-1 año-1, respectivamente. Esta tendencia se observó de manera similar en el campo. Con el potencial erosivo estimado (USLE), no se identificaron diferencias entre los tratamientos, siendo el TMC el que mostró el mayor potencial erosivo con 96,47 t ha-1 año-1. Notablemente, otras variables del suelo como la pendiente del terreno y el tipo de suelo influyen en la susceptibilidad a la erosión, independientemente del tipo de cobertura existente.
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