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Selection of resistance inducers for managing Hemileia vastatrix Berk. & Br. in coffee (Coffea arabica L.) seedlings
Selección de inductores de resistencia para el manejo de Hemileia vastatrix Berk. & Br. en plántulas de café (Coffea arabica L.)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15446/agron.colomb.v42n3.116907Keywords:
acibenzolar-S-methyl, coffee leaf rust, urediniospores, germination, disease severity (en)acibenzolar-S-metil, roya del café, urediniosporas, germinación, severidad de la enfermedad (es)
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Coffee leaf rust (Hemileia vastatrix) is one of the most devastating coffee diseases, causing losses ranging from 23% to 50% of the crop. Chemical applications are the most employed control strategies in countries lacking resistant coffee varieties. In the search for new alternatives for integrated management, an in vitro and nursery evaluation protocol was developed for Coffea arabica cv. Caturra plants using the following resistance inducers: acibenzolar-S-methyl, salicylic acid, potassium phosphite, and harpin protein. These compounds were tested at three concentrations, across three intervals between product application and pathogen inoculation, and in two response signaling pathways (local or systemic) to assess their effects on the in vitro germination of rust urediniospores and disease severity in 6-month-old coffee plants inoculated with the pathogen. In general, all compounds inhibited urediniospore germination and exerted disease control mediated mainly by the concentration of the product with biweekly application intervals and where local responses prevailed more than systemic ones. This study highlights the potential of these compounds as resistance inducers, especially for acibenzolar-S-methyl, where we observed the best effects on disease control. Our findings open new avenues for incorporating resistance inducers into integrated disease management programs to complement fungicide applications.
La roya del café (Hemileia vastatrix) es una de las enfermedades más devastadoras del café, causando pérdidas que van desde el 23% hasta el 50% del cultivo. Las aplicaciones químicas son las estrategias de control más comúnmente empleadas en países que carecen de variedades de café resistentes. En la búsqueda de nuevas alternativas para el manejo integrado, se desarrolló un protocolo de evaluación in vitro y en vivero para plantas de Coffea arabica cv. Caturra utilizando los siguientes inductores de resistencia: acibenzolar-S-metil, ácido salicílico, fosfito de potasio y proteína Harpin. Estos compuestos se probaron en tres concentraciones, en tres intervalos entre la aplicación del producto y la inoculación del patógeno, y en dos vías de señalización de respuesta (local o sistémica) para evaluar sus efectos sobre la germinación in vitro de las urediniosporas de la roya y la severidad de la enfermedad en plantas de café de 6 meses de edad inoculadas con el patógeno. En general, todos los compuestos evaluados inhibieron la germinación de las urediniosporas y ejercieron un control de la enfermedad mediado principalmente por la concentración del producto con intervalos de aplicación quincenal y en donde prevalecieron más las respuestas locales que las sistémicas. Este estudio destaca el potencial de estos compuestos como inductores de resistencia, especialmente del acibenzolar-S-metil, en donde se observaron los mejores efectos en el control de la enfermedad. Los hallazgos abren nuevas vías para incorporar inductores de resistencia en programas de manejo integrado de enfermedades como complemento a las aplicaciones de fungicidas.
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