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Plant growth promoting bacteria as a tool to mitigate salt stress in crops: A review
Bacterias promotoras de crecimiento vegetal como una herramienta para mitigar el estrés salino en cultivos: una revisión
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15446/agron.colomb.v43n1.117690Keywords:
PGP bacteria, inoculation, biofertilizers, salinity, halotolerant rhizobacteria, abiotic stress (en)BPCV, inoculación, biofertilizantes, salinidad, rizobacterias halotolerantes, estrés abiótico (es)
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Salinity is a factor that negatively affects the physiology of most plants, even placing food security at risk when it affects plants grown for food. This review provides an overview of the use of plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) as a strategy for enhancing crop growth under salt stress, aiming to provide a sustainable solution for this environmental problem. Salinity causes morphophysiological and biochemical alterations in plants due to osmotic and ionic stress. Plants have different response mechanisms that allow them to survive and, in some cases, tolerate salinity. Various mitigation strategies have been evaluated, such as the use of plant hormones, fertilizers, nanofertilizers, silicon, antioxidants, tolerant genotypes, and inoculation with microorganisms, among others. Among the organisms used for inoculation, PGPB are of particular interest. PGPB, with the capacity to tolerate salinity conditions, can enhance germination, seedling vigor, root and shoot growth, and chlorophyll content in plants, in addition to other positive impacts. The mechanisms of action of PGPBs have been extensively studied and used to improve the quality of commercial crops and to produce bioinoculants. The study of these microorganisms is ongoing; more knowledge is needed on the mechanisms of action of the bacteria, the mechanisms of colonization, and the genes involved in the mechanisms of promotion and colonization. Additionally, it is necessary to expand knowledge of the most efficient ways to use these organisms in crops of commercial and environmental interest.
La salinidad es un factor que afecta negativamente la fisiología de la mayoría de las plantas, llegando incluso a poner en riesgo la seguridad alimentaria cuando afecta a las plantas cultivadas para producir alimentos. Esta revisión provee una descripción general del uso de las bacterias promotoras del crecimiento vegetal (BPCV) como una estrategia para mitigar el estrés salino en plantas, con una mirada para proveer una solución sustentable a este problema ambiental. La salinidad provoca alteraciones morfofisiológicas y bioquímicas en plantas debido al estrés osmótico e iónico. Las plantas tienen diferentes mecanismos de respuesta que les permiten sobrevivir y en algunos casos tolerar la salinidad. Se han evaluado diferentes estrategias de mitigación, como el uso de hormonas vegetales, fertilizantes, nanofertilizantes, silicio, antioxidantes, genotipos tolerantes e inoculación con microorganismos, entre otros. Entre los microorganismos utilizados para la inoculación, son de particular interés las BPCV. Las BPCV con capacidad de tolerar condiciones de salinidad pueden mejorar los procesos de germinación, el vigor de las plántulas, el crecimiento de raíces y brotes y el contenido de clorofila en las plantas, además de otros impactos positivos. Los mecanismos de acción de las BPCV han sido ampliamente estudiados y utilizados para mejorar la calidad de los cultivos comerciales y para la producción de bioinoculantes. El estudio de estos microorganismos está en curso. Se necesita más conocimiento sobre los mecanismos de acción de las bacterias, los mecanismos de colonización y los genes involucrados en los mecanismos de promoción y colonización. Además, es necesario ampliar el conocimiento sobre la forma más eficiente de utilizar estos organismos en cultivos de interés comercial y ambiental.
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