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Biological control of Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc. in Stevia rebaudiana using native isolates of Trichoderma spp. from Paraguay
Control biológico de Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc. en Stevia rebaudiana usando aislamientos nativos de Trichoderma spp. de Paraguay
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15446/agron.colomb.v43n1.117744Keywords:
sweeteners, stevia, biocontrol, mycology (en)edulcorantes, estevia, biocontrol, micología (es)
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Stevia, Stevia rebaudiana [(Bertoni) Bertoni], is cultivated in Paraguay as a natural, non-nutritive sweetener, but yields are reduced because of wilting and plant death caused by the fungal pathogen Sclerotium rolfsii. This study aimed to evaluate the native fungi Trichoderma spp. isolates, individually and in mixtures, for controlling S. rolfsii. As a first step, ten Trichoderma isolates from agricultural soils of Paraguay were screened in vitro using dual culture tests against S. rolfsii to identify the most effective isolates. This preliminary phase allowed screening to select the most promising candidates before conducting in planta experiments under more realistic conditions. A greenhouse experiment with seven treatments and four replicates was carried out to assess their efficacy in controlling S. rolfsii in stevia. Treatments included commercial Trichoderma viride, three native isolates (3KH and TCAS, T. asperellum; MS28, T. erinaceum), a mixture of these isolates, a fungicide (azoxystrobin + cyproconazole), and a control. Stevia plants of the variety “Katupyry” were preventively treated with Trichoderma (1×10⁷ spores ml-1) twice before S. rolfsii inoculation. Fungicide and Trichoderma treatments were applied to the plant base and substrate after inoculation, followed by two weekly applications. Disease incidence and the area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC) were evaluated. The AUDPC for TCAS (7.67) was significantly lower than that in the control (13.27), the mixture (13.77), and the commercial T. viride (15.58), but not significantly different from the 3KH (9.15) or MS28 (10.47). Fungicide-treated plants had the lowest AUDPC (1.25). These results suggest that the Trichoderma isolate TCAS effectively manages S. rolfsii under greenhouse conditions and has potential for use in both organic and conventional stevia production.
Estevia, Stevia rebaudiana [(Bertoni) Bertoni], se cultiva en Paraguay como edulcorante natural no nutritivo, pero los rendimientos se ven afectados por el marchitamiento y la muerte de plantas causados por el hongo patógeno Sclerotium rolfsii. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo evaluar aislados nativos del hongo Trichoderma spp., individualmente y en mezcla, para el manejo de S. rolfsii. Como primer paso, se evaluaron in vitro diez aislamientos de Trichoderma provenientes de suelos agrícolas de Paraguay mediante pruebas de cultivo dual contra S. rolfsii para identificar los aislamientos más efectivos. Esta fase preliminar permitió filtrar y seleccionar los candidatos más prometedores antes de realizar experimentos in planta en condiciones más realistas. Un experimento en invernadero con siete tratamientos y cuatro repeticiones evaluó su eficacia. Los tratamientos incluyeron Trichoderma viride comercial, tres aislados nativos (3KH y TCAS, T. asperellum; MS28, T. erinaceum), una mezcla de estos aislados, un fungicida (azoxystrobin + cyproconazole) y un control. Las plantas de estevia de la variedad “Katupyry” fueron tratadas preventivamente con Trichoderma (1x10⁷ esporas ml-1) dos veces antes de la inoculación con S. rolfsii. Los tratamientos con fungicida y Trichoderma se aplicaron al sustrato y en la base de las plantas después de la inoculación, seguidos de dos aplicaciones semanales. Se evaluó la incidencia de la enfermedad y el área bajo la curva de progreso de la enfermedad (AUDPC). El AUDPC para TCAS (7,67) fue significativamente menor que en el control (13,27), en la mezcla de Trichoderma (13,77) y en el T. viride comercial (15,58), pero no difirió significativamente del 3KH (9,15) o MS28 (10,47). Las plantas tratadas con fungicida tuvieron el AUDPC más bajo (1,25). Los resultados sugieren que el aislado TCAS de Trichoderma maneja eficazmente a S. rolfsii en condiciones de invernadero y tiene potencial para su uso en la producción orgánica y convencional de estevia.
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