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Evaluation of an automatic drainage recirculation system in rose crop in terms of S, Na+, and Cl-
Evaluación de un sistema de recirculación automática de drenajes en el cultivo de rosa, en términos de S, Na+ y Cl-
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15446/agron.colomb.v43n2.117787Keywords:
intensive horticulture, cut flowers, organic substrates (en)horticultura intensiva, flores de corte, sustratos orgánicos (es)
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In Colombia, mixtures of substrates such as burned rice husk (BRH) and coconut fiber (CF) are used for the cultivation of cut flowers. Fertigation is applied to ensure 30% drainage, which can contaminate water and soil. In a drainage recycling system, there is a tendency for ions that are poorly absorbed by plants, such as sodium and chloride, to accumulate, which can create an ionic imbalance in the solution or salinize the substrate. An automatic drainage recycling system was built in rose cv. ‘Charlotte’ established in mixtures 100BRH, 65BRH:35CF, and 35BRH:65CF with 0%, 50%, and 100% drainage recycling. The contents of S, Na+, and Cl- were evaluated in drainages, substrates, and leaf tissue at 0, 5, and 8 weeks after pruning (WAP). The SO42- and Na+ ions presented a similar behavior over time, with contents significantly higher in the substrates with higher CF contents at 0 WAP and the opposite at 8 WAP. In addition, the higher the BRH content and the recycling percentage, the higher the SO42- in the drains. There was no significant difference in the S contents in substrates and plant tissue. Drainage recycling (50% and 100%) significantly increased Na+ contents in the substrate. The Cl- concentrations were significantly different at 8 WAP, being higher in treatments with recycling (50% and 100%), regardless of the type of substrate mixture.
En Colombia se utilizan mezclas de sustratos como la cascarilla de arroz quemada (CAQ) y la fibra de coco (FC) para el cultivo de flores de corte. Se aplican volúmenes de fertirriego que aseguran drenajes de cerca del 30% que pueden contaminar aguas y suelos. En un sistema de reciclaje de drenajes, hay tendencia a la acumulación de iones que son poco absorbidos por las plantas como el sodio y el cloruro, los cuales pueden crear un desbalance iónico en la solución o salinizar el sustrato. Se construyó un sistema automático para el reciclaje de drenajes en un cultivo de rosa cv. ‘Charlotte’ establecido en los sustratos 100CAQ, 65CAQ:35FC y 35CAQ:65FC con 0, 50 y 100% de reciclaje de drenaje y se evaluaron los contenidos de S, Na+ y Cl- en drenaje, sustrato y tejido a las 0, 5 y 8 semanas después de poda (SDP). Los iones SO42- y Na+ presentaron un comportamiento similar en el tiempo, con contenidos significativamente mayores en los sustratos con mayor porcentaje de FC en la 0 SDP y lo contrario en la 8 SDP. Además, a mayores porcentajes de CAQ y de reciclaje mayor contenido de SO42- en la solución drenada; entre tanto, no se constató diferencia significativa en los contenidos de S en sustrato y tejido. El reciclaje del drenaje (50 y 100%) incrementó significativamente el contenido de Na+ en el sustrato. Las concentraciones de Cl- fueron significativamente diferentes en la 8 SDP, con mayores concentraciones en los tratamientos con reciclaje (50 y 100%), independiente del tipo de mezcla de sustratos.
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