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Effect of phosphine dose and exposure time on postharvest quality of Hass avocado (Persea americana Mill.)
Efecto de dosis y tiempos de exposición a fosfina en la calidad poscosecha de aguacate Hass (Persea americana Mill.)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15446/agron.colomb.v42n3.117960Keywords:
phytosanitary management, postharvest treatment, magnesium phosphide, longitudinal analysis, avocado export (en)manejo fitosanitario, tratamiento poscosecha, fosfuro de magnesio, análisis longitudinal, exportación de aguacate (es)
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The Hass avocado in Colombia has great export potential, although its commercialization faces restrictions due to quarantine pests. Fumigation with magnesium phosphide has become a key postharvest strategy for pest control in refrigerated fruits. However, there is limited information regarding its impact on Hass avocados. This study evaluated the effect of treatments with phosphine at different concentrations (0, 200, 400, and 800 ppm) and exposure times (36 and 72 h) on postharvest quality in avocados refrigerated at 7°C. Fruit firmness, color of the exocarp and mesocarp, weight loss, and ethylene production were analyzed using a longitudinal multivariate analysis of variance. No direct damage to fruit quality was detected related to phosphine concentration or exposure time. Although significant differences in firmness and color were observed, these effects were attributed to variations in gas concentrations, such as CO2, inside the barrels, and the fruit maturation process. Ethylene production increased with higher doses and longer exposure times, reaching a significant peak 72 h after harvest, coinciding with the climacteric point. These differences were related to the physiological maturation process of the avocados. Magnesium phosphide did not directly affect the quality of Hass avocados under the evaluated conditions. Magnesium phosphide is considered a viable option for phytosanitary pest control, although further studies are needed to assess its effectiveness against specific avocado pests.
El aguacate Hass en Colombia tiene un gran potencial de exportación, aunque enfrenta restricciones comerciales debido a las plagas cuarentenarias. La fumigación con fosfuro de magnesio se ha considerado como una estrategia clave de poscosecha para el control de plagas en frutas refrigeradas. Sin embargo, hay poca información respecto a su impacto en la calidad de frutos de aguacate Hass. Este estudio evaluó el efecto de tratamientos con fosfina a diferentes concentraciones (0, 200, 400 y 800 ppm) y tiempos de exposición (36 y 72 h) sobre la calidad postcosecha en aguacates refrigerados a 7°C. Se analizaron la firmeza de fruto, color del exocarpo y mesocarpo, pérdida de peso y producción de etileno mediante un análisis de varianza multivariado longitudinal. No se detectaron daños directos en la calidad de la fruta relacionados con la concentración de fosfina ni el tiempo de exposición al gas. Aunque se observaron diferencias significativas en la firmeza y el color de los frutos, estos efectos fueron atribuibles a variaciones en la concentración de gases, como el CO2, dentro de los barriles, y al proceso de maduración de los frutos. La producción de etileno aumentó con dosis más altas y tiempos de exposición más prolongados, alcanzando un pico significativo 72 h después de la cosecha, coincidiendo con el punto climatérico. Estas diferencias se vincularon con el proceso fisiológico de maduración de los aguacates. El fosfuro de magnesio no afectó directamente la calidad del aguacate Hass bajo las condiciones evaluadas. El fosfuro de magnesio es una opción viable para el control fitosanitario de plagas, aunque se requieren más estudios para evaluar su efectividad frente a algunas plagas específicas del aguacate.
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Creado a partir de la obra en http://revistas.unal.edu.co/index.php/agrocol/.
