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Hormones mitigate salt stress in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) plants during vegetative growth
Las hormonas mitigan el estrés salino en plantas de tomate (Solanum lycopersicum L.) durante el crecimiento vegetativo
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15446/agron.colomb.v43n1.118425Keywords:
plant hormones, naphthaleneacetic acid, gibberellic acid, abiotic stress (en)hormonas vegetales, ácido naftalenacético, ácido giberélico, estrés abiótico (es)
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Tomato is one of the most important vegetables in Colombia. This crop is sensitive to salinity, so high salt concentrations in the soil can negatively affect its growth and development; tolerance levels vary among cultivars. A viable strategy used in other cultivated species is the application of phytohormones that help plants acclimate to variable environments. Since few studies report the influence of growth regulators that alleviate this type of stress in tomatoes, this research aimed to determine the effect of different naphthaleneacetic acid and gibberellic acid doses on some physiological and growth parameters in tomato plants subjected to saline stress. We implemented a randomized design with a 2 × 6 factorial scheme. The first factor corresponded to salinity with two levels (0 and 40 mM), and the second factor involved the individual application of hormones (auxins – naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) and gibberellins – gibberellic acid (ProGibb SP®)) at doses of 50, 75, and 100 μM each, for a total of 12 treatments with six replicates. We evaluated growth variables such as plant height, number of leaves, leaf area, fresh biomass of the aerial part and roots, as well as physiological variables of chlorophyll content and stomatal conductance (gs). The application of gibberellins at 100 μM demonstrated the ability to mitigate the deleterious effects of salinity on some growth parameters in tomato plants by improving leaf expansion and aerial fresh biomass.
El tomate es una de las hortalizas más importantes en Colombia. Este cultivo es sensible a la salinidad, por lo que las altas concentraciones de sal en el suelo pueden afectar negativamente su crecimiento y desarrollo, con niveles de tolerancia que varían entre cultivares. Una estrategia viable en otras especies cultivadas es la aplicación de fitohormonas, las cuales permiten a las plantas aclimatarse a entornos variables. En este sentido y considerando que pocos estudios reportan la influencia de reguladores de crecimiento en el alivio de este tipo de estrés en tomate, la presente investigación buscó determinar el efecto de diferentes dosis de ácido naftalenacético y ácido giberélico sobre algunos parámetros fisiológicos y de crecimiento en plantas de tomate sometidas a estrés salino. Se realizó un diseño completamente al azar con un esquema factorial 2 × 6. El primer factor correspondió a la salinidad con dos niveles (0 y 40 mM) y el segundo factor a la aplicación individual de hormonas (auxinas – ácido naftalenacético (NAA) y giberelinas - ácido giberélico (ProGibb SP®) en dosis de 50, 75 y 100 μM cada una, para un total de 12 tratamientos con 6 repeticiones. Se evaluaron variables de crecimiento como altura, número de hojas, área foliar, biomasa fresca de parte área y raíz, y variables fisiológicas como contenido de clorofila y conductancia estomática (gs). La aplicación de giberelinas en dosis de 100 μM demostró que puede mitigar el efecto deletéreo de la salinidad en algunos parámetros de crecimiento en plantas de tomate, mejorando la expansión foliar y la biomasa fresca de la parte aérea.
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