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The impact of global warming on fruit crops and mitigation strategies: A comprehensive review
El impacto del calentamiento global en los cultivos de frutales y las estrategias de mitigación: una revisión comprensiva
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15446/agron.colomb.v43n2.118860Keywords:
climate adaptation, phenological stages, yield losses, adaptation strategies (en)adaptación al clima, fases fenológicas, pérdidas de rendimiento, estrategias de adaptación (es)
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Global warming poses a significant challenge to the agricultural sector, with fruit cultivation being particularly susceptible due to its intricate relationship with specific climatic conditions. The observed increases in global air temperatures, coupled with alterations in precipitation patterns and a higher frequency of extreme weather events, are fundamentally reshaping fruit production on a worldwide scale. This article explores the multifaceted impacts of global warming on fruit cultivation, highlighting key issues such as shifts in phenological phases, declines in crop yields, increased pressure from pests and diseases, and the growing scarcity of water resources. Furthermore, it provides a comprehensive analysis of adaptation and mitigation strategies, encompassing sustainable agricultural practices, the development of climate-resilient fruit varieties, and the implementation of effective water management strategies. Addressing these complex challenges is of paramount importance to ensure the long-term viability and economic sustainability of fruit production in the face of evolving climatic conditions.
El calentamiento global plantea un desafío significativo para el sector agrícola, siendo el cultivo de frutales particularmente susceptible debido a su intrincada relación con condiciones climáticas específicas. Los aumentos observados en las temperaturas globales del aire, junto con las alteraciones en los patrones de precipitación y una mayor frecuencia de eventos climáticos extremos, están reconfigurando fundamentalmente la producción de frutales a escala global. Este artículo profundiza en los impactos multifacéticos del calentamiento global en el cultivo de frutales, explorando cuestiones críticas como los cambios en las fases fenológicas, la disminución de los rendimientos de los cultivos, la mayor presión de plagas y enfermedades, y la creciente escasez de recursos hídricos. Además, proporciona un análisis comprensivo de las estrategias de adaptación y mitigación, que abarcan las prácticas agrícolas sostenibles, el desarrollo de variedades de frutales resistentes al clima y la implementación de estrategias efectivas de gestión del agua. Abordar estos desafíos complejos es de suma importancia para asegurar la viabilidad a largo plazo y la sostenibilidad económica de la producción de frutales bajo las condiciones climáticas en evolución.
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