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Evaluation of yield and fruit quality in five genotypes of Castilla blackberry (Rubus glaucus Benth.)
Evaluación del rendimiento y calidad del fruto de cinco genotipos de mora de Castilla (Rubus glaucus Benth.)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15446/agron.colomb.v43n1.119251Keywords:
physicochemical properties, Brix, selection index (en)propiedades fisicoquímicas, Brix, índice de selección (es)
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In Colombia, blackberry (Rubus spp.) is one of the crops with the most significant geographic coverage, and the ecotype “Castilla” (Rubus glaucus) is the most extensively commercialized. Despite the importance of the crop, there are no registered varieties or hybrids specifically adapted to the diverse growing conditions of the country’s various production areas. The purpose of this study was to evaluate and select advanced genotypes of Castilla blackberry based on yield attributes and physicochemical quality of the fruits. Data from five genotypes and one regional check were recorded in the municipality of Silvania, Cundinamarca, during 2022 and 2023. The yield traits, including the number of fruits per kg and the weight of the fruits harvested, were evaluated, as well as the physicochemical variables: fruit diameter, fruit weight, firmness, acidity, total soluble solids, pH, juice and pulp weights, and maturity index. The data were statistically processed using a generalized linear model, principal component and cluster analysis, and Ward’s minimum variance clustering method. A selection index based on the traits of production, total soluble solids, fruit weight, and firmness, relevant to the crop, was used. Significant differences were observed between genotypes for the yield traits, total soluble solids, pH, acidity, and maturity index. The results suggested that genotypes G1, G4, and G3 were outstanding in terms of yield and fruit quality. However, genotype G1 led the index selection, outperforming the other genotypes under evaluation.
En Colombia, la mora (Rubus spp.) es uno de los cultivos con mayor cobertura geográfica, siendo el ecotipo "Castilla" (Rubus glaucus) el más comercializado. Pese a la importancia del cultivo, no hay registro de variedades o híbridos específicamente adaptados a las diversas condiciones de crecimiento de las diferentes zonas productoras del país. El propósito de este trabajo fue evaluar y seleccionar genotipos avanzados de mora de Castilla por atributos de rendimiento y calidad fisicoquímica de fruto. Se registraron datos de cinco genotipos y un testigo regional en Silvania, Cundinamarca, durante los años 2022 y 2023. Se evaluaron los atributos de rendimiento: número de frutos por kg y peso de los frutos cosechados, así como las variables fisicoquímicas: diámetros de fruta, peso de fruto, firmeza, acidez, contenido de sólidos solubles totales, pH, pesos de jugo y pulpa, e índice de madurez. Los datos fueron estadísticamente procesados mediante un modelo lineal generalizado, análisis de componentes principales y conglomerados, y el método de agrupamiento de varianza mínima de Ward. Se usó un índice de selección basado en las características: producción, sólidos solubles totales, peso de fruto y firmeza, relevantes para el cultivo. Se observaron diferencias significativas entre los genotipos para las características de rendimiento, sólidos solubles totales, pH, acidez e índice de madurez. Los resultados sugirieron que los genotipos G1, G4 y G3 fueron los sobresalientes en rendimiento y calidad de fruto. Sin embargo, el genotipo G1 lideró la selección por el índice, superando a los otros genotipos en evaluación.
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