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Arbuscular mycorrhizae induce resistance against Fusarium wilt in onion in Boyacá, Colombia
Micorrizas arbusculares inducen la resistencia contra fusariosis en cebolla en Boyacá, Colombia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15446/agron.colomb.v43n2.119677Keywords:
infection prevention, inoculation time, mycorrhizal consortium, sanitary status (en)prevención de infección, tiempo de inoculación, consorcio micorrízico, estado sanitario (es)
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Bulb onion (Allium cepa L.) is a globally consumed vegetable, and as the global population increases, demand for this crop is continuously rising. Unfortunately, production is significantly reduced—up to 40%—due to Fusarium wilt, a fungal disease caused by the Fusarium genus. In Boyacá, Colombia, one of the central onion-producing regions, chemical control is the primary method for controlling this disease despite the negative impact of chemicals on soil health and their decreasing efficacy. One alternative management strategy is resistance induction through microorganisms, which has been tested with the Trichoderma genus but not with native populations of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF). This study aims to evaluate the resistance-inducing effect of a consortium of native AMF from Boyacá on the bulb onion. Fusarium oxysporum pathogens and native AMF were isolated from A. cepa L. crops in Boyacá and tested under greenhouse conditions for 18 weeks in a completely randomized design. The study evaluated the effects of the pathogen and AMF consortium on leaf number, average leaf area, and bulb growth. It found resistance-induction and growth promotion effects, as well as the adverse effects of the pathogen and the combined effects of both microorganisms. The findings suggest that native AMF consortia from Boyacá exerted a protective impact against Fusarium wilt, improving plant productivity under sterile soil conditions.
La cebolla de bulbo (Allium cepa L.) es una hortaliza consumida a nivel global y con el crecimiento poblacional mundial su demanda se hace cada vez más grande. Desafortunadamente su producción disminuye hasta un 40% debido a la fusariosis, enfermedad causada por hongos del género Fusarium. En Boyacá, Colombia, una de las principales regiones productoras de cebolla, el control químico es el principal método contra esta enfermedad, aunque presenta impactos negativos en la salud del suelo y su eficacia ha disminuido. Una de las alternativas de manejo es la resistencia inducida por microorganismos, como se ha probado con hongos del género Trichoderma, pero no con poblaciones nativas de hongos micorrízicos arbusculares (HMA). El objeto del presente trabajo fue evaluar el efecto inductor de resistencia a la fusariosis utilizando un consorcio de HMA nativos de Boyacá en cebolla de bulbo. Se realizaron aislamientos del patógeno Fusarium oxysporum y de HMA a partir de cultivos de A. cepa L. nativos de Boyacá y, se realizaron pruebas en condiciones de invernadero durante 18 semanas con un diseño completamente al azar. Se evaluaron los efectos del patógeno y del consorcio de HMA sobre el número de hojas, el área foliar promedio y el crecimiento del bulbo. Se encontraron efectos de inducción de resistencia y de promoción de crecimiento; también se observaron los efectos adversos del patógeno, así como efectos conjuntos de ambos tipos de microorganismos. Se concluyó que los consorcios de HMA de Boyacá promovieron un efecto protector contra la fusariosis, mejorando la productividad de la planta en condiciones de esterilidad del suelo.
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