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Interactive effects of soil-applied glyphosate concentration and timing of monoammonium phosphate application on rice plants
Efectos interactivos de la concentración del glifosato aplicado al suelo y el momento de aplicación del fosfato monoamónico en plantas de arroz
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15446/agron.colomb.v43n3.122063Keywords:
phosphate fertilizer, bioavailability, plant metabolism, shikimic acid, soil-plant interaction (en)fertilizante fosfatado, biodisponibilidad, metabolismo vegetal, ácido shikímico, interacción suelo-planta (es)
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This study evaluated the effect of monoammonium phosphate (MAP) on glyphosate (GLY) bioavailability in soil and its impact on rice plant metabolism and biomass production. A greenhouse experiment was conducted using three Colombian soils (CS1, CS2, CS3), four treatment strategies, and six GLY doses (0-12 L ha⁻¹). Treatments differed in the timing of MAP application relative to GLY: before, simultaneously, or after herbicide application. MAP was applied at 60 kg P ha⁻¹. Results showed that GLY availability in the rhizosphere led to significant increases in leaf shikimic acid (SA), a marker of herbicide-induced stress. SA accumulation and biomass reduction were both dose-dependent, with the greatest physiological impacts observed under simultaneous or post-herbicide phosphate application. MAP addition to soil enhanced GLY mobility by promoting desorption from soil particles, intensifying its uptake and metabolic effects on the plants. While GLY exposure did not induce lethal symptoms, it caused clear sub-lethal alterations in metabolism and growth. These findings highlight the importance of managing phosphate-herbicide interactions to reduce unintended effects on crop performance.
Este estudio evaluó el efecto del fosfato monoamónico (MAP) sobre la biodisponibilidad del glifosato (GLY) en el suelo y su impacto en el metabolismo y la producción de biomasa de las plantas de arroz. Se realizó un experimento en invernadero utilizando tres suelos colombianos (CS1, CS2, CS3), cuatro estrategias de tratamiento y seis dosis de GLY (0-12 L ha⁻¹). Los tratamientos difirieron en el momento de aplicación del MAP en relación con el GLY: antes, simultáneamente o después de la aplicación del herbicida. El MAP se aplicó a una dosis de 60 kg P ha⁻¹. Los resultados mostraron que la disponibilidad de GLY en la rizosfera condujo a aumentos significativos del ácido shikímico (AS) foliar, un marcador de estrés inducido por herbicidas. La acumulación de SA y la reducción de la biomasa fueron dependientes de la dosis, observándose los mayores impactos fisiológicos con la aplicación simultánea o posterior al herbicida del MAP. La adición de MAP al suelo mejoró la movilidad del GLY al promover la desorción de las partículas del suelo, intensificando su absorción y sus efectos metabólicos en las plantas. Si bien la exposición a GLY no indujo síntomas letales, causó alteraciones subletales evidentes en el metabolismo y el crecimiento. Estos hallazgos resaltan la de gestionar las interacciones entre fosfato y herbicida para reducir los efectos no deseados en el rendimiento del cultivo.
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