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Effect of the calcium/magnesium ratio in soil acidity correctives on the initial growth and mineral nutrition of coffee
Efecto de la relación calcio/magnesio de correctores de acidez del suelo en el crecimiento inicial y la nutrición mineral del café
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15446/agron.colomb.v43n3.123228Keywords:
amendments, Ca and Mg saturation, Coffea arabica L., nursery stage, exchangeable Ca/Mg ratio, Colombian coffee zone (en)enmiendas, saturación de Ca y Mg, Coffea arabica L., etapa de almácigo, relación Ca/Mg intercambiables, zona cafetera colombiana (es)
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The Ca/Mg ratio of soil acidity correctives affects the availabilitynof these nutrients and, consequently, coffee plant growth. In Colombia, available information on this subject is limited. The aim of this research was to study the effect of the calcium/magnesium ratio in soil acidity correctives on coffee growth and nutrition at the seedling stage. Three soil types (Andisol, Inceptisol, and Oxisol) were used, to which mixtures of calcite (CaCO3) and magnesite (MgCO3) were applied in six proportions, modifying to alter the Ca/Mg ratio (77:1, 6:1, 3:1, 1:1, 1:2, or 1:9). Six months after transplanting, soil pH, exchangeable cations in soil, plant dry biomass, growth variables, and nutrient concentration in plants were evaluated. The application of amendments raised the pH to values close to 5.5 and neutralized exchangeable Al3+ in all treatments. The Ca/Mg ratios significantly affected plant dry biomass, with the highest values observed at intermediate ratios (6:1 and 1:2), whereas extreme ratios, particularly with excess Mg (1:9), reduced growth in all three soils. In Andisol and Inceptisol, wider ratios (6:1 to 77:1) favored total biomass, while, in Oxisol, the best results were obtained with more balanced ratios (3:1 to 1:2). Foliar Ca concentrations decreased as this ratio was reduced, while Mg concentrations increased. The optimal exchangeable Ca2+/Mg2+ ratio in soil for maximum biomass production was 5.0 in Andisol, ranging from 4.0 to 15.5 in Inceptisol and from 0.5 to 2.7 in Oxisol.
La relación de Ca/Mg de los correctivos de la acidez del suelo afecta la disponibilidad de estos nutrientes y, en consecuencia, al crecimiento de las plantas de café. En Colombia, la información disponible sobre este tema es limitada. El objetivo de esta investigación fue estudiar el efecto de la relación calcio/magnesio en los correctivos de la acidez del suelo sobre el crecimiento y la nutrición del café en la etapa de plántula. Se utilizaron tres tipos de suelo (Andisol, Inceptisol y Oxisol), a los que se aplicaron mezclas de calcita (CaCO3) y magnesita (MgCO3) en seis proporciones, modificándolas para alterar la relación Ca/Mg (77:1, 6:1, 3:1, 1:1, 1:2 o 1:9). Seis meses después del trasplante, se evaluaron el pH del suelo, los cationes intercambiables en el suelo, la biomasa seca de las plantas, las variables de crecimiento y la concentración de nutrientes en las plantas. La aplicación de enmiendas elevó el pH a valores cercanos a 5,5 y neutralizó el Al3+ intercambiable en todos los tratamientos. Las relaciones Ca/Mg afectaron significativamente a la biomasa seca de las plantas, observándose los valores más altos en relaciones Ca/Mg intermedias (entre 6:1 y 1:2), mientras que las relaciones extremas, en particular con exceso de Mg (1:9), redujeron el crecimiento en los tres suelos. En Andisol e Inceptisol, las relaciones más amplias (6:1 a 77:1) favorecieron la biomasa total, mientras que en Oxisol se obtuvieron los mejores resultados con relaciones más equilibradas (3:1 a 1:2). Las concentraciones foliares de Ca disminuyeron a medida que se reducía esta relación, mientras que las concentraciones de Mg aumentaron. La proporción óptima de Ca2+/Mg2+ intercambiable en el suelo para la máxima producción de biomasa fue de 5,0 en el Andisol y osciló entre 4,0 y 15,5 en el Inceptisol y entre 0,5 y 2,7 en el Oxisol.
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