Climate-driven modelling of potato diseases:Approach to evidence-based decision system
Modelación de enfermedades de papa mediada por variables climáticas: enfoque para un sistema de decisiones basado en evidencia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15446/agron.colomb.v44n1.125209Keywords:
artificial intelligence, weather, plant health, early warning systems, deterministic models, frequentist models, Bayesian models (en)inteligencia artificial, tiempo meteorológico, sanidad vegetal, sistemas de alerta temprana, modelos determinísticos, modelos frecuentistas, modelos bayesianos (es)
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Potato diseases represent a growing threat to global food security, and climate-driven disease modeling has become an essential tool for anticipating outbreaks and informing management decisions. However, forecasting tools remain inconsistently applied and often lack adaptation to local conditions. This study synthesizes recent advances in climate-based modeling of potato diseases through a combined bibliometric and perspective-based analysis, aiming to identify research gaps, characterize key climatic drivers, and propose a framework for model selection. Three modeling approaches were evaluated: deterministic, probabilistic (frequentist and Bayesian), and artificial intelligence–based methods. Temperature, relative humidity, leaf wetness duration, precipitation, and wind speed emerged as the most influential climatic drivers. Late blight remains the most extensively modeled disease worldwide, which leaves other economically important diseases underrepresented. Each modeling approach presents distinct trade-offs: deterministic models offer biological interpretability but require calibration before transfer to production contexts; frequentist models depend on statistical assumptions (independence, homoscedasticity, and low multicollinearity), which are often violated in biological systems; Bayesian models provide greater flexibility for handling uncertainty and integrating limited or heterogeneous datasets, although reliable still depend on high-quality data; and artificial intelligence methods effectively capture nonlinear interactions but require large, balanced datasets and raise concerns regarding interpretability and overfitting. A geographical gap was identified in Colombia, where climate-based disease modeling remains scarce despite the country’s importance as a potato-producing region. These findings emphasize the need for context-sensitive model selection, rigorous data quality control, and transparent validation practices to support more reliable disease forecasting systems and evidence-based crop management.
Las enfermedades de la papa representan una amenaza creciente para la seguridad alimentaria, y la modelización de enfermedades basadas en el clima se ha convertido en una herramienta esencial para anticipar brotes y decisiones de manejo. Sin embargo, las herramientas de pronóstico se aplican de forma inconsistente y carecen de adaptación local. Este estudio sintetiza avances recientes en la modelización climática de enfermedades de la papa mediante un análisis bibliométrico y de perspectiva, con el fin de identificar vacíos de investigación, caracterizar los principales factores climáticos y proponer un marco para la selección de modelos. Se evaluaron tres enfoques: determinísticos, probabilísticos (frecuentistas y bayesianos) y basados en inteligencia artificial. La temperatura, la humedad relativa, la duración de la humedad, la precipitación y la velocidad del viento resultaron los factores más influyentes. El tizón tardío sigue siendo la enfermedad más modelada mundialmente, dejando subrepresentadas otras enfermedades de importancia económica. Cada enfoque presenta ventajas y limitaciones: los determinísticos ofrecen interpretabilidad biológica pero requieren calibración previa antes de transferirse al contexto productivo; los frecuentistas dependen de supuestos estadísticos (independencia, homocedasticidad, baja multicolinealidad) frecuentemente violados en sistemas biológicos; los bayesianos ofrecen mayor flexibilidad ante la incertidumbre y datos limitados o heterogéneos, aunque dependen de datos de calidad; y la inteligencia artificial captura interacciones no lineales, pero requiere grandes conjuntos de datos balanceados y plantea dudas sobre interpretabilidad y sobreajuste. Se identificó un vacío geográfico en Colombia, donde esta modelización es escasa pese a su relevancia como productor de papa. Estos hallazgos resaltan la necesidad de selección de modelos sensibles al contexto, control de calidad de datos y validación. Estos hallazgos resaltan la necesidad de una selección de modelos adaptados al contexto, un control riguroso de la calidad de los datos y prácticas de validación transparentes para respaldar unos sistemas de predicción de enfermedades más fiables y una gestión de los cultivos basada en la evidencia.
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