A checklist of the ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) of the department of Antioquia, Colombia and new records for the country

Antioquia is a state (department) of Colombia, located in the

northwestern Andes of South America. Geologically, the northwestern

region of the Western Range in Antioquia and Chocó

includes the fault resulting from the connection between the

Isthmus of Panamá and South America. The Occidental and

Central cordilleras in Colombia are characterized by a number

of reliefs, valleys and water basins, containing historical

biological refuges and endemisms. In this study, we present

the first species-level checklist of the 255 species (in 64 genera

and 14 subfamilies) of ants currently known in Antioquia. One

hundred and fifty-two (152) species had previously been registered

for the state in different publications. Here, 103 additional

species are recognized. Most of these species are distributed in

other bioregions of the country as well. Forty-six percent are

present in the Amazon Province and 36% in the Colombian

Orinoco River basin. Less than 3% are found in the arid lands

of the Colombian Caribbean area, Guyana, and the Colombian

Pacific Province, plus the Caribbean islands. Sixty-three percent

of the species are shared with Costa Rica. Our checklist constitutes

the largest roster of ants at the species level for a state in

Colombia to date and constitutes the beginning of the assessment

of ant diversity in Antioquia. Many more field trips are

necessary to gain a better understanding of the ant composition

of this state. The following 13 species are new to the records for

Colombia: Azteca diabolica, Camponotus amoris, C. eurynotus,

C. pachylepis, C. propinquus, C. tonduzi, Cerapachys toltecus,

Cylindromyrmex whymperi, Myrmicocrypta urichi, Pheidole

angulifera, Pseudomyrmex lisus, Solenopsis subterranea and

Trachymyrmex zeteki.

CROP PROTECTION

Lista de las hormigas (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) del departamento de Antioquia, Colombia, y nuevos registros para el país

Erika Valentina Vergara-Navarro¹, ² and Francisco Serna²,³

¹Master of Museology, Universidad Nacional de Colombia. Bogota (Colombia).
²Grupo Sistemática de Insectos Agronomía (SIA), Museo Entomológico Universidad Nacional Agronomía Bogotá (UNAB). Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Universidad Nacional de Colombia. Bogota (Colombia). fjsernac@unal.edu.co.
³Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Texas at El Paso. El Paso (TX, USA).

Received for publication: 18 October, 2013. Accepted for publication: 1 November, 2013.

---

ABSTRACT

Antioquia is a state (department) of Colombia, located in the northwestern Andes of South America. Geologically, the northwestern region of the Western Range in Antioquia and Chocó includes the fault resulting from the connection between the Isthmus of Panamá and South America. The Occidental and Central cordilleras in Colombia are characterized by a number of reliefs, valleys and water basins, containing historical biological refuges and endemisms. In this study, we present the first species-level checklist of the 255 species (in 64 genera and 14 subfamilies) of ants currently known in Antioquia. One hundred and fifty-two (152) species had previously been registered for the state in different publications. Here, 103 additional species are recognized. Most of these species are distributed in other bioregions of the country as well. Forty-six percent are present in the Amazon Province and 36% in the Colombian Orinoco River basin. Less than 3% are found in the arid lands of the Colombian Caribbean area, Guyana, and the Colombian Pacific Province, plus the Caribbean islands. Sixty-three percent of the species are shared with Costa Rica. Our checklist constitutes the largest roster of ants at the species level for a state in Colombia to date and constitutes the beginning of the assessment of ant diversity in Antioquia. Many more field trips are necessary to gain a better understanding of the ant composition of this state. The following 13 species are new to the records for Colombia: Azteca diabolica, Camponotus amoris, C. eurynotus, C. pachylepis, C. propinquus, C. tonduzi, Cerapachys toltecus, Cylindromyrmex whymperi, Myrmicocrypta urichi, Pheidole angulifera, Pseudomyrmex lisus, Solenopsis subterranea and Trachymyrmex zeteki.

Key words: taxonomy, composition, biodiversity, biogeography.

RESUMEN

Antioquia es un departamento de Colombia localizado en los Andes más noroccidentales de Suramérica. Geológicamente, la región noroccidental de la Cordillera Occidental en Antioquia y Chocó contiene la falla resultante de la unión entre el Istmo de Panamá y Sudamérica. Las cordilleras Occidental y Central de Colombia se caracterizan por presentar una cantidad importante de relieves, valles y cuencas hidrográficas compuestas por refugios biológicos históricos y endemismos. En este estudio se presenta la primera lista de las 255 especies (64 géneros, 14 subfamilias) de hormigas hasta ahora conocidas para Antioquia. Ciento cincuenta y dos (152) especies están previamente registradas en diferentes publicaciones. Aquí se reconocen otras 103 especies. La mayoría de las especies están también distribuidas en otras biorregiones del país. Cuarenta y seis por ciento de las especies también se presentan en la provincia del Amazonas, y 36% también en la Orinoquía. Menos del 3% son compartidas con las tierras áridas del Caribe colombiano, Provincia de la Guyana y las islas colombianas del Pacífico y el Caribe. Sesenta y tres porciento de las especies se comparten con Costa Rica. Esta lista constituye el mayor registro de hormigas al nivel de especie para un departamento de Colombia; aun así, éste es el inicio de la estimación de la diversidad de especies de hormigas de Antioquia. Muchos más trabajos de campo son necesarios para alcanzar un mejor entendimiento de la composición de la mirmecofauna de este departamento. Las siguientes 13 especies son nuevos registros para Colombia: Azteca diabolica, Camponotus amoris, C. eurynotus, C. pachylepis, C. propinquus, C. tonduzi, Cerapachys toltecus, Cylindromyrmex whymperi, Myrmicocrypta urichi, Pheidole angulifera, Pseudomyrmex lisus, Solenopsis subterranea and Trachymyrmex zeteki.

Palabras clave: taxonomía, composición, biodiversidad, biogeografía.

---

Introduction

The recognition of species is a primary necessity in biology. Studies and programs in developmental, conservation and applied biology require taxonomy as a scientific foundation. Species possess unique biological characteristics with regards to distribution, ecology, and behavior. Ecological conclusions are partial or distorted if taxonomic information is incomplete (Prance, 1986; Vélez, 1990).

Out of the 21 worldwide ant subfamilies, 15 are recognized as being from the Neotropics, including Agroecomyrmecinae, Amblyoponinae, Paraponerinae, Ponerinae, Proceratiinae, Cerapachyinae, Ecitoninae, Leptanilloidinae, Pseudomyrmecinae, Dolichoderinae, Ectatomminae, Heteroponerinae, Formicinae, Martialinae, and Myrmicinae (Bolton, 2003; Ward 2007). Within these subfamilies, 123 genera and 3,100 species are recognized as belonging to the Neotropics (Fernández and Sendoya, 2004). Colombia contains 14 subfamilies, 99 genera, and 806 species of ants (Fernández et al., 1996a, 1996b; Fernández and Baena, 1997; Palacio, 1997; Brandão et al., 1999; Fernández and Palacio, 1999; Ward, 1999; Fernández, 2000, 2001, 2002a, 2002b, 2004a, 2004b; Longino and Snelling, 2002; Serna, 2002; Arias-Penna, 2003, 2006, 2007; Wilson, 2003; Zabala et al., 2003, 2006; LaPolla, 2004; Feitosa and Brandão, 2008; Guerrero and Olivero, 2007; Lattke et al., 2007a,b; Longino, 2007; Mackay et al., 2007; Sossa-Calvo and Longino 2007; Vergara-Navarro et al., 2007; Wild, 2007; Fernández and Guerrero, 2008; Guerrero and Fernández, 2008; Fernández and Wilson, 2008; Galvis and Fernández, 2009; Guerrero, 2009; Guerrero et al., 2010; Guerrero and Sanabria, 2011). The first ant checklist for Colombia was published by Fernández et al. (1996b). For a particular state, Chacón de Ulloa et al. (1996) produced a list of 94 ant species for Valle del Cauca, another Colombian state south of Antioquia.

Antioquia is a state (department) of Colombia, located in the northwestern Andean region of the country, in the northwestern Andes of South America (Fig. 1). Antioquia is part of the Colombian Andean block, where tectonic forces are released as a result of the collision of the Nazca, Caribbean, and South America plates. A subduction zone between the Nazca and South America plates formed the Western Range (Toro-Villegas, 2006; IGAC, 2007). The northwestern region of the Western Range in the states of Antioquia and Chocó (Colombia) contains the fault resulting from the connection between the Isthmus of Panamá and South America (Parra, pers. comm. 2011). The Western Range is the new continental border with the Pacific Ocean.

The Antioquian territory and its location are the result of different confluent rock systems. The rocks were shaped through different geological periods, including the Precambrian, Proterozoic, Paleozoic, Mesozoic, and Cenozoic periods (Toro-Villegas, 2006).

The state occupies an area of approximately 63,000 km² and comprises almost 6% of the Colombian territory. Eightyfive percent of the state is configured as mountains ranges (IGAC, 2007). From the Southern to Northern Andes, two mountain ranges (Western and Central) enter Antioquia, separated by the Cauca River. The western range branches northward into three distinct serranías (mountain ranges): Abibe (western), San Jerónimo (central) and Ayapel (eastern). The Central Cordillera branches into two mountain ranges separated by the Porce River, forming a U-shaped valley where the city of Medellín is situated. The valleys formed by the Cauca and Magdalena Rivers in Antioquia are located at around of 1,000 m a.s.l. The Central Cordillera fades out northward into the serranía of San Lucas in Southern Bolivar, a state east of Antioquia. The Occidental and Central cordilleras are characterized by a number of reliefs, valleys and water basins containing historical biological refuges and endemisms (Espinal, 1992; Hernández et al., 1992; Lozano-Zambrano et al., 2007; IGAC, 2007).

Antioquia is considered to be part of the biogeographical provinces of Chocó, Magdalena, and Cauca (Morrone, 2006). From an administrative point of view, Antioquia encompasses nine subregions, with 125 municipalities (SAA, 2002; IGAC, 2007).

In the pertinent literature, 152 recorded species of ants from Antioquia were found, belonging to 48 genera and 11 subfamilies (Weber, 1940; Brown, 1965; Kempf, 1972; Fernández, 1990, 1991; Schneider, 1990; Fernández et al., 1996b; Lattke, 1997; Brandão et al., 1999; Palacio, 1999; Serna, 1999; Yepes et al., 1999; Ward, 1999; Gómez, 2001; Serna and Vergara-Navarro, 2001; 2007a, 2007b; Cárdenas, 2002; Longino and Snelling, 2002; Serna, 2002; Toro, 2002; Longino 2003; Wilson, 2003; LaPolla, 2004; Vahos, 2004; Aponte-Cubides, 2006; Zabala et al., 2006; Arias-Penna, 2007; Lattke et al., 2007a, 2007b; Mackay et al., 2007; Sossa-Calvo and Longino, 2007; Vergara-Navarro et al., 2007; Wild, 2007). Some of the aforementioned studies involved the recognition of a new species, Octostruma impressa (Myrmicinae) (Palacio, 1997), and two recent species were registered for Colombia: Stegomyrmex manni (Myrmicinae) (Serna, 2002), and Leptanilloides biconstricta (Leptanilloidinae) (Zabala et al., 2006).

Several studies involving ant ecology have recently been carried out in the state, including Vergara-Navarro et al. (2007), Vahos (2004), Serna and Vergara-Navarro (2001, 2007a, 2007b), Toro (2002), Serna (1999), and Amarillo (1999). Despite our knowledge of species records for 75% of the municipalities, collections are still meager and the vast majority of these records does not follow the recommendations for standard ant sampling suggested in the ALL protocol (Alonso and Agosti, 2000). Samplings adhering to the protocol, or nearly so, have been applied in the following localities: Porce, the municipality of Amalfi (Serna, 1999), Aburrá Valley, municipalities of Medellín and Envigado (Toro, 2002; Vergara-Navarro et al., 2007), and El Retiro (Vahos, 2004). In this paper, based on the project "Ants of Antioquia", we present an ant checklist from 94 municipalities. The main aim of the present study was to produce the first taxonomic species-level checklist of the ants in Antioquia.

Materials and methods

Within the elapsed period of 1995-2010, the authors of the present paper and collaborators collected and identified ant specimens from different localities. For curatorial process of dried and in-alcohol preserved specimens, we followed the standard procedures of the Museo Entomológico UNAB and Lattke (2000). In addition, specimens housed in the following collections were examined: "Museo Entomológico UNAB" (Universidad Nacional Agronomía Bogotá); ME FLG (UNCM ) ("Museo Entomológico Francisco Luis Gallego", Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Medellín); IAvH ("Instituto Alexander von Humboldt"); CE UA ("Colección Entomológica Universidad de Antioquia"); MEPB ("Museo Entomológico Piedras Blancas"); MEMB ("Museo Entomológico Marcial Benavides"); Laboratory of Entomology (Universidad de la Paz, Barrancabermeja); (Instituto de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá); MP UJ ("Museo de Historia Natural Pontificia Universidad Javeriana"); MZSP ("Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de São Paulo"); CWEM (William and Emma Mackay Collection, The University of Texas at El Paso, TX). In 1999 and 2000, in the Antioquian localities of Porce, Santo Domingo, and Santa Fé de Antioquia, Serna and Vergara carried out three studies based on the ALL protocol. The results of those studies were included in the present work as well.

Specimens representing 70% of the species herein recorded are housed in the UNAB museum. At different collections and museums, we were able to examine, compare, and confirm all species herein cited.

In this study, previously recorded species were included for Antioquia and the following literature was consulted to identify specimens of different subfamilies (Ectatomminae, Paraponerinae, Proceratiinae, Heteroponerinae, Amblyoponinae and Ponerinae): Brown (1958, 1975, 1976), Fernández (1990), Wild (2005), Lattke et al. (2007a,b); Dolichoderinae: Mackay (1993); Formicinae: LaPolla (2004); Myrmicinae: Brandão (1990), Bolton (2000), Longino (2003), and Wilson (2003).

For the recognized species, their geographic distribution in Colombia was also of interest, based on the biogeographic units considered by Hernández et al. (1992). For specieslevel identification, all the Colombian states recorded in the literature were combed. Maps of these states were superimposed onto the biogeographic unit maps of Hernández et al. (1992). Species are recorded for the following biogeographic units of Colombia (see Taxonomic checklist) considered by Hernández et al. (1992): TIOC "Territorios Insulares Oceánicos Caribeños"; TIOP "Territorios Insulares Oceánicos del Pacifico"; CAP, "Cinturón Árido Precaribeño"; MSN "Macizo de la Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta"; PCM , "Provincia del Chocó-Magdalena"; PO, "Provincia de la Orinoquía"; PG, "Provincia de la Guyana"; PA, "Provincia de la Amazonía"; and PN , "Provincia Norandina".

Results and discussion

Approximately 5,600 specimens were evaluated. In Tab. 1, there is a comparison of genera and species richness for each subfamily involving Antioquia, Colombia and the Neotropics (Hernández et al., 1992; Lozano-Zambrano et al., 2007). It is striking that, excluding Martialinae, the subfamilies recorded for the entire Neotropics are present in Antioquia. Twenty two genera and 91 species are cited here as new records for Antioquia. The composition (ant checklist) of species of Antioquia is included in List 1.

In this study, a species-level checklist for the 255 species currently known for Antioquia, Colombia is provided. Considering the few studies carried out to date, this finding represents a significant number of species. The composition of species includes 93, 53 and 8% of the subfamilies, genera and species, respectively, known to exist in the Neotropics, and 100, 65 and 30% of the subfamilies, genera and species of Colombia. The subfamily Myrmicinae, with 87 species, constitutes 34% of the species in Antioquia. The poneroid and formicoids, ectaheteromorphs groups, sensu Ward (2007): Amblyoponinae, Ponerinae, Ectatomminae, Heteroponerinae, Paraponerinae, Proceratiinae and Agroecomyrmecinae, account for 18 genera and 68 species (26%).

Camponotus (31 species, 12%), Pseudomyrmex (26 species, 10%), and Pachycondyla (20 species, 8%) are the three most represented genera. Fifty-nine percent of the species are shared with the North Andean Province (PN ), 40% with the Amazon Province (PA), while 35% are shared with the Orinoquia Province (PO). Less than 25% of the species are shared with a belt of arid lands in the Caribbean coast of Colombia, Guyana province, and the island territories.

Sixty-three percent of the species of Antioquia are shared with Costa Rica, which is a country in close vicinity and the most consistently ant-surveyed country in Latin American (Longino 2011). Close to 900 species are recorded for Costa Rica and 255 species are herein recorded for Antioquia. Despite the fact that 63% of the ants from Antioquia are shared with Costa Rica, there exists a high likelihood that this shared percentage will be considerably reduced when more ants are identified and sampling in Antioquia is intensified. The current wide distribution of several genera considered herein is recorded as the result of the Great American Biotic Interchange of species, after the closing of the Isthmus of Panama in the late Pliocene Period (Kimsey, 1992). Brown (1973) recorded the following genera moving through the Isthmus as a result of the interchange: Atta, Azteca, Cylindromyrmex, Ectatomma, Acanthoponera, Paraponera, and Thaumatomyrmex.

Lozano-Zambrano et al. (2007) studied the biogeography of the poneroids Paraponera and Thaumatomyrmex and the formicoids Ectatomminae (Ectatomma included) and Heteroponerinae (Acanthoponera included) in Colombia. Lozano-Zambrano et al. (2007) found that there is not a clear correspondence between their study and Hernández et al. (1992), regarding the Colombian natural regions. There is a separation of two large groups of these ants with 50% similarity between the Andean region, including Biogeographic Chocó (states of Nariño through Antioquia), the Cauca River valley, and the Central and Eastern Mountain Ranges and a second group encompassing Orinoquia and Amazonia. Our study was similar to that of Lozano- Zambrano et al. (2007) because 40% of the species found in Antioquia (Andean region) are also present in the Amazon (PA) and 35% in Orinoquia (PO).

Antioquia was part of the Chocó-Magdalena province (Hernández et al., 1992). This province was subsequently divided into the present-day provinces of Chocó, Magdalena, and Cauca (Morrone, 2006). The Chocó province extends from Ecuador to Panamá, the Magdalena province extends from Colombia to Venezuela, and the Cauca province is comprised of western Colombia and Ecuador (Morrone, 2006). The recent geological events related to the closing of the Panamanian Isthmus, 2.5 mya (millions of years ago), and the elevation of the Andes, which at least for the Eastern Cordillera was no more than 40% of its modern elevation at 4 mya (Gregory-Wodzicki, 2000), possibly account for an early wide-distribution of species in the lowlands and further isolation of the species due to the elevation of the Andes and the climate changes in the Pleistocene Period (Lattke, 2003). Hypothetically, in the eastern territory of Colombia (Orinoquia, Llanos and Amazon), 35% of the species recorded herein and shared among Antioquia (PCM ), Orinoquia (PO) and Amazonas (PA) may have been connected when low elevations dominated the landscapes between the Central and Oriental Cordilleras during the middle of the Miocene through the early Pliocene Periods (Gregory-Wodzicki, 2000; Lozano-Zambrano et al., 2007).

The strategic geographical location of the state, between the Isthmus of Panama, the Province of Chocó, the Andes Range Mountains, and the Province of Magdalena, provides Antioquia with special conditions for biodiversity. The high representation of ant subfamilies and genera found in this study suggests that Antioquia is a state remarkably rich in species and, therefore, it is necessary to intensify collecting trips to obtain a better understanding of the composition of these lineages in Antioquia and Colombia as a whole.

Thirteen species herein encountered for the state of Antioquia are registered for the first time for Colombia. The data of these new records are as follows: Camponotus amoris. One worker. COLOMB IA. Antioquia: Alejandría, November 1974, R. Vélez (ME FLG). Antioquia: Andes, May 1987, M. Hernández (ME FLG) (previously recorded for Brazil: Forel, 1904). Camponotus eurynotus. One worker, one gyne. COLOMB IA. Antioquia: Amalfi, Cañón del Porce, Tenche, 6°46.3' N 75°5.0' W, bosque, 3 July, 1998, dosel, F. Serna (ME FLG) (previously recorded for Brazil: Forel, 1907). Camponotus integellus. One worker. COLOMB IA. Antioquia: Parque Nacional Orquídeas, 1,430 m a.s.l., 4 April 1996, E. Palacio (IAVH) (previously recorded for Costa Rica: Forel, 1899). Camponotus orthocephalus. Three workers. COLOMB IA. Antioquia: Medellín, 29 May, 1940. Cattleya pseudobulbs, EQA 72362, Lot # 40-11865 (USNM ). Three workers. COLOMB IA. Antioquia: without locality, 29 April 1941, Cattleya, Hoboken #1262, Lot # 41-7365 (USNM ) (previously recorded for Brazil: Emery, 1894). Camponotus pachylepis. Two workers, two gynes. COLOMB IA. Antioquia: Medellín, 1,800 m a.s.l., 23 July 1938, N. Weber (MC ZC) (previously recorded for Brazil: Emery, 1894). Camponotus propinquus. Three workers, four gynes. COLOMB IA. Antioquia: Río Porce, 1,020 m a.s.l., 23 July 1938, N. Weber (MCZC). Camponotus tonduzi. One worker. COLOMB IA. Antioquia: Amalfi, Cañón del Porce, Tenche, 6°46.3' N 75°5.0' W. Forest, 3 Agust 1998, F. Serna (ME FLG) (previously recorded for Costa Rica: Forel, 1899). Pseudomyrmex lisus. One worker. COLOMB IA. Antioquia: Venecia, Bolombolo rural lane, La Cascada farm, 7 km to Venecia, 1,350 m a.s.l., 5º58' N 75º44' W, August 2004, J.E. Arango, in Ceiba pentandra (Bombacaceae)-ceiba de agua (UNAB 3191) (previously recorded for Costa Rica: Ward, 2008). Cerapachys toltecus. 4 workers. COLOMB IA. Antioquia: Amalfi, Cañón del Porce, 980 m a.s.l. 6º 46,661' N 75º 05,382' W, 27 October 1997, F. Serna (UNAB 3549, ME FLG 6936, 5714) (previously recorded for Guatemala and Belice: Brown, 1975). Cylindromyrmex whymperi. Two workers. COLOMB IA. Antioquia: Amalfi, Cañón del Porce-Normandía, 1,045 m a.s.l., 6º46,661' N 75º05,382' W, 27 October 1997, F. Serna (UNAB 3550, ME FLG 5715) (previously recorded for Panamá and Ecuador: Brown, 1975). Myrmicocrypta urichi. 15 workers. COLOMB IA. Antioquia: Santafé de Antioquia, El Espinal rural lane, Cotové farm, 6º33'32'' N 77º04'51'' W, 600 m a.s.l., 6 October 2000, E. Vergara and F. Serna (UNAB) (previously recorded for Trinidad: Weber, 1945). Solenopsis subterranea. Ten workers. COLOMB IA, Antioquia: Carepa, 22 April 2010, D. Restrepo (UNAB 3559) (previously recorded for Texas: Mackay and Vinson, 1989; Costa Rica: Longino, 2005). Pheidole angulifera. Five workers. COLOMB IA. Antioquia: Turbo, Currulao, 13 May 2010, D. Restrepo (UNAB 3560) (previously recorded for Costa Rica: Wilson, 2003). Azteca diabolica. One gyne. COLOMB IA. Antioquia: Amalfi, Cañón del Porce, 1997. F. Serna (ME FLG) (previously recorded for Panama: Guerrero et al., 2010). Trachymyrmex zeteki. Four workers. COLOMB IA. Antioquia: Amalfi, Cañón del Porce, 1997. F. Serna (UNAB) (previously recorded for Panama: Weber, 1940, 1958).

List 1. Taxonomic checklist of species of Formicidae in Antioquia, Colombia, and the localities where they have been found. Subfamilies, genera, and species are organized alphabetically. Nomenclature is based on Bolton et al. (2006). CAP, MSN , PA, PCM , PG, PN , PO, TIOC, and TIOP indicate the biogeographic units of Colombia (Hernández et al., 1992) (explained in materials and methods) where species have been previously reported. "New Records for Colombia" and species without a citation reference are recorded here for the first time for Antioquia.

AGROECOMYRMECINAE

Tatuidris tatusia Brown and Kempf, 1968. Támesis, Otra banda rural lane, El Alcazar farm: 1,800 m a.s.l.

AMBLYOPONINAE

Stigmatomma lurilabes Lattke, 1991. Fernández et al. (1996a), Serna and Vergara-Navarro (2007a) (CAP, PCM , PO, PN and PG). Amalfi, Cañón del Porce: 980 m a.s.l.

Prionopelta amabilis Borgmeier, 1949. Arias-Pennas (2007) (PCM , PA and PN ). Amalfi, Cañón del Porce: 980 m a.s.l.

Prionopelta antillana Forel, 1909. Serna and Vergara- Navarro (2007a) (CAP, PCM , PA and PN ) Amalfi, Cañón del Porce: 980 m a.s.l.

Prionopelta modesta Forel, 1909. Arias-Penna (2007), Vergara- Navarro et al. (2007), Serna and Vergara-Navarro (2007a) (PCM , PO and PN ). Amalfi, Cañón del Porce: 980 m a.s.l.

CERAPACHYINAE

Cerapachys toltecus Forel, 1909. New record for Colombia (PCM ). Amalfi, Cañón del Porce: 980 m a.s.l.

Cylindromyrmex schmidti (Menozzi, 1931). Amalfi, Cañón del Porce-Normandia: 1,045 m a.s.l.

Cylindromyrmex whymperi Cameron, 1891. New record for Colombia (PCM ). Amalfi, Cañón del Porce: 980 m a.s.l.

DOLICHODERINAE

Azteca diabolica Guerrero, Delabie and Dejean, 2010. New record for Colombia (PCM ). Amalfi, Cañón del Porce. 980 m a.s.l.

Dolichoderus attelaboides (Fabricius, 1775) (PCM , PA and PN ). Santafe de Antioquia: 550 m a.s.l. Gómez Plata: 1,828 m a.s.l. Sopetrán: 750 m a.s.l. San Luis: 1,075 m a.s.l. Envigado: 1,573 m a.s.l. Amagá: 1332 m a.s.l. Amalfi, Cañón del Porce-Santa Lucia: 950 m a.s.l. Puerto Triunfo: 115 m a.s.l. Apartado: 5 m a.s.l. Santo Domingo: 1,100 m a.s.l. Valdivia: 1,165 m a.s.l.

Dolichoderus baenae Mackay, 1993. Schneider (1990) (CAP, PCM , PO, PA and PN ). Amalfi, Cañón del Porce: 980 m a.s.l.

Dolichoderus bispinosus Olivier, 1792. Serna (1999) (CAP, PCM , PO, PA and PN ). Amalfi, Cañón del Porce: 980 m a.s.l.

Dolichoderus curvilobus (Lattke, 1987) (PCM , PA, PN ). Anorí, Estación Biológica Río Anorí Dolichoderus debilis (Emery, 1890) (PCM ). Amalfi, Cañón del Porce: 980 m a.s.l.

Dolichoderus decollatus Smith, 1858. Schneider (1990), Serna (1999) (CAP, MSN , PCM , PO, PA and PN ). Amalfi, Cañón del Porce: 970 m a.s.l. Amalfi, Cañón del Porce- San Ignacio: 970 m a.s.l. Yolombó, Porce (Normandia): 1010 m a.s.l. Cocorná, La Vetá rural lane, San Antonio stream, San Luis "El Refugio, Cañón de Rio Claro": 515 m a.s.l.

Dolichoderus diversus (Emery, 1894) (PCM and PN ). San Luis, San Pablo, San Antonio stream: 780 m a.s.l. Dolichoderus ghilianii Emery, 1894. Serna (1999) (PCM , PA and PN ). Santo Domingo, Porce: 1,000 m a.s.l., Santo Domingo: Porce: 1,100 m a.s.l., Amalfi, Cañón del Porce- La Calandría: 1,010 m a.s.l.

Dolichoderus gibbosus (Smith, 1858) (PCM ). Amalfi, Cañón del Porce: 980 m a.s.l.

Dolichoderus imitator Emery, 1894. Schneider (1990), Serna (1999) (PCM , PO, PA and PN ) Amalfi, Cañón del Porce: 980 m a.s.l., San Luis "El Refugio, Cañón de Rio Claro": 515 m a.s.l.

Dolichoderus piceus (Mackay, 1993) (PCM and PN ). Amalfi, Cañón del Porce-La Calandría: 1,010 m a.s.l.

Dolichoderus quadridenticulatus Roger, 1862. Serna (1999) (PCM , PA and PN ). Puerto Triunfo: 150 m a.s.l., Mutata: 66 m a.s.l. San Luis: 1,075 m a.s.l., Puerto Triunfo, Rio Claro: 200 m a.s.l. Amalfi, Cañón del Porce-Fosforito: 945 m a.s.l.

Dolichoderus schulzi Emery, 1894. Schneider (1990), Fernández et al. (1996a) (PCM , PA and PN ). Medellin: 1540 m a.s.l.

Dolichoderus superaculus Lattke, 1987. Schneider (1990), Fernández et al. (1996a) (PCM , PA and PN ). Remedios: 680 m a.s.l.

Dorymyrmex brunneus Forel, 1908. Vergara-Navarro et al. (2007) (PCM , PA and PN ). Amalfi, Cañón del Porce: 980 m a.s.l.

Linepithema iniquum Mayr, 1870. Wild (2007) (PCM , PN and CAP). Amalfi, Cañón del Porce: 980 m a.s.l.

Linepithema piliferum (Mayr, 1870) (PCM and PN ). Medellin, Alvernia: 2,400 m a.s.l. Puerto Nare, Nare river: 800 m a.s.l.

Tapinoma melanocephalum Fabricius, 1793. Serna (1999), Vergara-Navarro et al. (2007) (PCM , PO and PN ). San Carlos, El Jordán rural lane: 1,010 m a.s.l. Gómez Plata, La Clara rural lane, Vegas de la Clara farm: 1,080 m a.s.l. Caucasia: 50 m a.s.l. Medellin: 1,496 m a.s.l. Amalfi, Cañón del Porce-Santa Lucia: 950 m a.s.l.

ECITONINAE

Cheliomyrmex andicola Emery, 1894. Fernández et al. (1996a), Serna (1999), Toro (2002) (PCM , PA and PN ). Gómez Plata: 1,828 m a.s.l. Medellin: 1,538 m a.s.l. Santafe de Antioquia, La Contadora, Las Flores farm: 550 m a.s.l. Rionegro: 2,120 m a.s.l. Santafe de Antioquia: 550 m a.s.l. Santo Domingo Porce: 1,300 m a.s.l. Amalfi, Cañón del Porce-Tenche: 1,000 m a.s.l. Medellín, Santa Elena rural lane: 2,300 m a.s.l. Támesis, La Virgen rural line: 1,500 m a.s.l. Copacabana, El Cabuyal rural line: 1650 m a.s.l. Rionegro: 2,120 m a.s.l.

Eciton burchelli (Westwood, 1842) (PCM , CAP, PO, PA and PN ). Palacio (1999), Serna (1999). Santafe de Antioquia: 550 m a.s.l. Santo Domingo, Porce: 1,100 m a.s.l. Andes: 1,357 m a.s.l. Cisneros: 1,038 m a.s.l. Concepción: 1,862 m a.s.l. Ebéjico: 1,150 m a.s.l. Amalfi, Cañón del Porce- La Cancana: 1,010 m a.s.l. Támesis, La Matilde and La Fabiola rural lanes: 1,770 m a.s.l. San Luis: 1,050 m a.s.l. Santa Barbara, Versalles rural lane, Los Naranjos farm: 1,700 m a.s.l. Amagá: 1,332 m a.s.l. Cocorná: 1,200 m a.s.l. Eciton hamatum Fabricius, 1782. Palacio (1999) (PCM , CAP, PA and PN ). Murindo: 23 m a.s.l. Frontino: 900 m a.s.l. Amalfi, Cañón del Porce-Normandia: 1,000 m a.s.l. Puerto Triunfo, Río Claro: 1,50 m a.s.l. San Carlos: 1,010 m a.s.l. Remedios: 580 m a.s.l. Medellin, San Antonio de Prado: 1,800 m a.s.l. San Luis "El Refugio, Cañón de Río Claro": 515 m a.s.l.

Eciton jansoni Forel, 1912. Palacio (1999) (PCM and PN ). La Estrella: 1,775 m a.s.l.

Eciton vagans Olivier, 1792. Palacio (1999) (PCM , CAP, PO, PA and PN ). Santafe de Antioquia, Cotove farm: 607 m a.s.l. Medellin: 1,496 m a.s.l. Cocorná: 1,286 m a.s.l. Támesis, El Barro, La Colina: 1,520 m a.s.l. San Luis "El Refugio, Cañón de Rio Claro": 515 m a.s.l.

Labidus coecus Latreille, 1802. Palacio (1999), Serna (1999), Toro (2002) (PCM , CAP, PA and PN ). Amalfi, Cañón del Porce-Fosforito: 970 m a.s.l. Santafe de Antioquia, Cotove farm: 607 m a.s.l. Copacabana: 1,425 m a.s.l. Medellin: 1,538 m a.s.l. San Luis: 1,075 m a.s.l. Amalfi, Cañón del Porce-La Picardia: 975 m a.s.l. Caldas: 1,789 m a.s.l.

Támesis, La Virgen and La Cumbre rural lanes: 1,610 m a.s.l. Medellín: 1,445 m a.s.l. Caucasia, La Candelaria rural lane, La Candelaria U de A farm: 80 m a.s.l. Ciudad Bolivar, Alferez district: 1,500 m a.s.l.

Labidus praedator Smith, 1858. Palacio (1999), Toro (2002) (PCM , PA and PN ). Amalfi, Cañón del Porce-Fosforito: 970 m a.s.l. Medellin: 1,538 m a.s.l. Rionegro: 2,120 m a.s.l. Amagá: 1,392 m a.s.l. Andes: 1,357 m a.s.l. Envigado: 1,575 m a.s.l. San Francisco: 1,050 m a.s.l. San Pedro: 2,000 m a.s.l. Medellin, Robledo La Campiña district: 1,534 m a.s.l. Cocorná: 1,200 m a.s.l. Támesis: 1,200 m a.s.l. Betania: 1,550 m a.s.l. Santo Domingo: 1,950 m a.s.l. Amalfi, Cañón del Porce: 970 m a.s.l.

Labidus spininodis Emery, 1890. Palacio (1999) (PCM , PA and PN ). Támesis, La Virgen and La Cumbre rural lanes: 1,610 m a.s.l. Támesis, Hacha La Miranda: 1,490 m a.s.l. Neivamyrmex halidaii Shuckard, 1840 (PCM and PN ). Medellin: 1,534 m a.s.l. Bello Fontidueño: 1,495 m a.s.l. Caucasia, La Candelaria rural lane, La Candelaria U de A farm: 80 m a.s.l. Santo Domingo Porce: 1,100 m a.s.l. Neivamyrmex planidorsus (Emery, 1906) (PCM and PN ). Amalfi, Cañón del Porce-Fosforito: 970 m a.s.l.

Neivamyrmex rosenbergi Forel, 1911. Palacio (1999) (PCM and PN ). Amalfi, Cañón del Porce: 980 m a.s.l. Nomamyrmex esenbeckii Westwood, 1842. Palacio (1999), Serna (1999) (CAP, PCM , PO, PA and PN ). Fredonia, Marsella rural lane: 1,800 m a.s.l. Titiribi, Otra mina rural lane: 1,550 m a.s.l. Amalfi, Cañón del Porce-La Calandría: 1,010 m a.s.l. San Francisco: 1,050 m a.s.l. Támesis, San Nicolas rural lane: 1,510 m a.s.l. Santa Barbara: 1,846 m a.s.l. Gómez Plata, Normandia farm: 1,000 m a.s.l.

Nomamyrmex hartigii (Westwood, 1842) (PCM , PO and PN ). Amalfi, Cañón del Porce: 980 m a.s.l.

ECTATOMMINAE

Ectatomma brunneum Smith, 1858. Fernández et al. (1996a), Serna and Vergara-Navarro (2007a) (PCM , PN , PA, MSN and PO). San Luis, San Pablo rural lane, San Antonio stream: 780 m a.s.l.

Ectatomma quadridens (Fabricius, 1793). Medellin: 1,538 m a.s.l.

Ectatomma ruidum Roger, 1860. Fernández, 1991, Fernández et al. (1996a), Serna and Vergara-Navarro (2007a) (PCM , PN , PA, MSN , CAP, PO and PCM ). Cisneros: 1,038 m a.s.l. Gómez Plata: 1,828 m a.s.l. Titiribi, Otra mina rural lane: 1,550 m a.s.l. Gómez Plata, La Clara rural lane, Vegas de la Clara farm: 1,080 m a.s.l. Urrao: 1,800 m a.s.l. Santo Domingo: 1,100 m a.s.l. Medellin: 1,538 m a.s.l. El Retiro: 2,169 m a.s.l. Sopetrán: 750 m a.s.l. San Luis: 1,075 m a.s.l. San Carlos: 1,010 m a.s.l. Chigorodo: 34 m a.s.l. San Jerónimo 820 m a.s.l. Frontino, Parque Nacional Natural Las Orquideas: 900 m a.s.l. Apartado: 150 m a.s.l. Concepción: 1,862 m a.s.l. Santafe de Antioquia, Cotove farm: 600 m a.s.l. Yolombó, Cañón del Porce-Tenche: 1,010 m a.s.l. Amalfi, Cañón del Porce-La Calandría: 1,010 m a.s.l. Remedios: 680 m a.s.l. Caucasia, La Candelaria farm: 50 m a.s.l. Turbo, Currulao rural lane (Urabá): 1 m a.s.l. Caucasia, La Candelaria U de A farm: 80 m a.s.l. Barbosa, El Hatillo rural lane: 1,308 m a.s.l. Jerico, Cauca Viejo rural lane: 400 m a.s.l. Bello Fontidueño: 1,495 m a.s.l. Cocorná, La Veta rural lane: 1,000 m a.s.l. San Jerónimo: 820 m a.s.l. Santa Barbara, La Pintada rural lane: 900 m a.s.l. San Luis, San Pablo rural lane, San Antonio stream: 780 m a.s.l.

Ectatomma tuberculatum Olivier, 1792. Fernández 1991, Fernández et al. (1996a); Serna and Vergara-Navarro (2007a) (PCM , PN , PA, MSN , CAP, PO and PCM ). Santafe de Antioquia: 550 m a.s.l. Támesis, San Isidro rural lane: 1,200 m a.s.l. Medellin: 1,538 m a.s.l. Mutata: 66 m a.s.l. Turbo: 2 m a.s.l. Fredonia, Puente Iglesias rural lane: 1,800 m a.s.l. Santa Barbara, La Pintada rural lane: 1,846 m a.s.l. Sopetrán: 750 m a.s.l. Remedios: 1,063 m a.s.l. Turbo: 2 m a.s.l. Mutata: 66 m a.s.l. Yolombó, Porce (Normandia): 1,010 m a.s.l. Caucasia, La Candelaria rural lane, La Candelaria U de A farm: 80 m a.s.l. Maceo, reserve of Alicante river canyon: 80 m a.s.l. Cocorná, La Veta rural lane: 1,000 m a.s.l. Puerto Raudal, 1,750 m a.s.l. Amalfi, Cañón del Porce-La Calandría, Carepa, Tulenapa farm: 28 m a.s.l.

Gnamptogenys andina Lattke, 1995. Lattke et al. (2007) (PCM , PA, PN and PO). Amalfi, Cañón del Porce: 980 m a.s.l.

Gnamptogenys annulata Mayr, 1887. Lattke et al. (2007), Serna and Vergara-Navarro (2007a). (PCM , PN , PA and PO). Amalfi, Cañón del Porce: 970 m a.s.l.

Gnamptogenys continua Mayr, 1887. Lattke et al. (2007), Serna and Vergara-Navarro (2007a) (PCM , PN and PA). Amalfi, Cañón del Porce: 970 m a.s.l.

Gnamptogenys ejuncida Lattke, 1995. Lattke et al. (2007), Serna and Vergara-Navarro (2007a) (PCM , PA and PN ). Cocorná, La Vetá rural lane, San Antonio stream.

Gnamptogenys haenschei Emery, 1902. Lattke et al. (2007) (PA, PCM , PO, CAP and PN ). Amalfi, Cañón del Porce: 980 m a.s.l.

Gnamptogenys hartmani Wheeler, 1915. Lattke et al. (2007) (PCM and PA). Amalfi, Cañón del Porce: 980 m a.s.l.

Gnamptogenys horni Santschi, 1929. Lattke et al. (2007), Serna and Vergara-Navarro (2007a) (PN , PA, PCM , PO and PG). Amalfi, Cañón del Porce: 980 m a.s.l.

Gnamptogenys mecotyle Brown, 1958. Lattke et al. (2007) (PCM and PA). Amalfi, Cañón del Porce: 980 m a.s.l.

Gnamptogenys minuta Emery, 1896. Lattke et al. (2007) (PCM , PA, CAP, MSN and PN ). Amalfi, Cañón del Porce: 980 m a.s.l.

Gnamptogenys mordax Smith, 1858. Lattke et al. (2007), Serna and Vergara-Navarro (2007a). (PCM , PN and PA). Frontino: 900 m a.s.l.

Gnamptogenys porcata Emery, 1896. Lattke et al. (2007) (PCM , PA, CAP and PN ). Amalfi, Cañón del Porce: 980 m a.s.l.

Gnamptogenys striatula Mayr, 1884. Lattke et al. (2007) (PCM , PO, PA, PN , CAP and PG). Amalfi, Cañón del Porce: 980 m a.s.l.

Gnamptogenys strigata Norton, 1868. Lattke et al. (2007), Serna and Vergara-Navarro (2007a) (PCM , PN , PA and PO). Amalfi, Cañón del Porce: 980 m a.s.l.

Gnamptogenys sulcata Smith, 1858. Lattke et al. (2007) (PCM , CAP, PA, MSN , PO and PG). Amalfi, Cañón del Porce: 980 m a.s.l.

Gnamptogenys triangularis Mayr, 1887 Lattke et al. (2007) (PCM and MSN ). Amalfi, Cañón del Porce: 980 m a.s.l.

Typhlomyrmex pusillus Emery, 1894. Brown 1965, Fernández et al. (1996a), Serna and Vergara-Navarro (2007a) (PCM , PN and PA). Venecia: 1,350 m a.s.l.

FORMICINAE

Acropyga fuhrmanni Forel, 1914. Fernández et al. (1996a), LaPolla (2004) (PCM and PO). Amalfi, Cañón del Porce- La Calandría: 990 m a.s.l. Puerto de Los Pobres: 720 m a.s.l.

Acropyga goeldii (Forel, 1893) (PCM and PN ). Amalfi, Cañón del Porce: 980 m a.s.l.

Acropyga smithii Forel, 1893. LaPolla (2004) (PCM ). Amalfi, Cañón del Porce: 980 m a.s.l.

Brachymyrmex heeri (Forel, 1874) (PCM and CAP). Amalfi, Cañón del Porce: 980 m a.s.l.

Camponotus amoris Forel, 1904. New record for Colombia (PCM ). Amalfi, Cañón del Porce: 980 m a.s.l.

Camponotus atriceps Smith, 1858. Gómez (2001), Vergara- Navarro et al. (2007) (PCM , PN , PA and PO). Betania: 1,550 m a.s.l. Sopetrán: 723 m a.s.l. Amagá: 1,332 m a.s.l.Medellin, Universidad Nacional-Núcleo El volador: 1,593 m a.s.l. Fredonia: 1,900 m a.s.l. Tarazá: 108 m a.s.l. San Jerónimo: 750 m a.s.l. Andes: 1,357 m a.s.l. Vegachi: 980 m a.s.l. Amalfi, "Cañón del Porce, Campamento": 990 m a.s.l. Caucasia: 50 m a.s.l. San Luis "El Refugio, Cañón de Rio Claro": 515 m a.s.l.

Camponotus auricomus Roger, 1862 (PCM ). Amalfi, Cañón del Porce: 980 m a.s.l.

Camponotus blandus Smith, 1858 (PCM ). Santafe de Antioquia: 550 m a.s.l.

Camponotus brevis Forel, 1899 (PCM ). Amalfi, Cañón del Porce: 1,020 m a.s.l. Amagá: 1,332 m a.s.l.

Camponotus bugnioni Forel, 1899. Cárdenas (2002), Vergara-Navarro et al. (2007) (PCM , CAP and MSN ). Caucasia: 50 m a.s.l. Barbosa: 1,308 m a.s.l. Medellin: 1,538 m a.s.l. Bello: 1,495 m a.s.l. Arboletes: 10 m a.s.l. Carepa: 10 m a.s.l. Tarazá, Rayo river: 100 m a.s.l. San Pedro de Uraba: 8 m a.s.l.

Camponotus canescens Mayr, 1870 (PCM ). Amalfi, Cañón del Porce: 980 m a.s.l.

Camponotus chartifex Smith, 1860. Fernández (2002a) (PCM , PA and PG). Puerto Triunfo, Rio Claro: 150 m a.s.l. Camponotus coloratus Forel, 1904 (PCM ). Amalfi, Cañón del Porce: 980 m a.s.l.

Camponotus coruscus Smith, 1862. Cárdenas (2002) (PCM ). Amalfi, Cañón del Porce: 970 m a.s.l.

Camponotus eurynotus Forel, 1907. New record for Colombia (PCM ). Amalfi, Cañón del Porce: 980 m a.s.l.

Camponotus excisus Mayr, 1870 (PCM ). Amalfi, Cañón del Porce: 980 m a.s.l.

Camponotus indianus Forel, 1879 (PCM and PN ). San Andres de Cuerquia: 1,530 m a.s.l. Medellin: 1,700 m a.s.l. Frontino: 1,350 m a.s.l. Jardin: 1,805 m a.s.l. Caldas: 1,797 m a.s.l. Sopetrán, Santa Rita rural lane: 723 m a.s.l. Santa Barbara, Versalles rural lane, Los Naranjos farm: 1,846 m a.s.l.

Camponotus integellus Forel, 1899. New record for Colombia (PCM ). Amalfi, Cañón del Porce: 980 m a.s.l. Camponotus lindigi Mayr, 1870 (PCM and PA). Santafe de Antioquia: 550 m a.s.l.

Camponotus linnaei Forel, 1886 (PCM ). Amalfi, Cañón del Porce: 980 m a.s.l.

Camponotus mus Roger, 1863 (PCM ). Amalfi, Cañón del Porce: 980 m a.s.l.

Camponotus nitens Mayr, 1870 (PCM and PN ). San Luis: 1,075 m a.s.l.

Camponotus nitidior Santschi, 1921. Fernández (2002a) (PCM ). Amalfi, Cañón del Porce-Tenche: 1,000 m a.s.l. Amalfi, Cañón del Porce: 990 m a.s.l.

Camponotus novogranadensis Mayr, 1870 (PCM , PO and PN ). Amalfi, Cañón del Porce-El Encanto: 970 m a.s.l. Camponotus orthocephalus Emery, 1894. New record for Colombia (PCM ). Amalfi, Cañón del Porce: 980 m a.s.l.

Camponotus pachylepis Emery, 1920. New record for Colombia (PCM ). Amalfi, Cañón del Porce: 980 m a.s.l. Camponotus propinquus Mayr, 1887. New record for Colombia (PCM ). Amalfi, Cañón del Porce: 980 m a.s.l.

Camponotus raphaelis Forel, 1869 (PCM ). Amalfi, Cañón del Porce: 980 m a.s.l.

Camponotus sericeiventris Guérin-Méneville, 1838 (PCM , PA and PN ). Bolívar: 1,250 m a.s.l. Cáceres: 100 m a.s.l. San Luis: 1,075 m a.s.l. Valdivia: 1,165 m a.s.l. Mutata: 66 m a.s.l.

Camponotus sexguttatus Fabricius, 1793 (PCM , MSN , PN ). Turbo: 10 m a.s.l.

Camponotus sphenoidalis Mayr, 1870 (PCM ). Amalfi, Cañón del Porce: 980 m a.s.l.

Camponotus striatus Smith, 1862. Vergara-Navarro et al. (2007) (PCM ). Amalfi, Cañón del Porce: 980 m a.s.l.

Camponotus substitutus Emery, 1894 (PCM , MSN , PO and PA). Sonson, La Violeta stream: 1,000 m a.s.l.

Camponotus tonduzi Forel, 1899. New record for Colombia (PCM ). Amalfi, Cañón del Porce: 980 m a.s.l.

Camponotus zoc Forel, 1879 (PCM ). Amalfi, Cañón del Porce: 980 m a.s.l.

Nylanderia nodifera Mayr, 1870. Fernández et al. (1996) (PCM and PN ). Amalfi, Cañón del Porce: 980 m a.s.l. Paratrechina longicornis Latreille 1802. Amalfi, Cañón del Porce: 980 m a.s.l.

HETEROPONERINAE

Acanthoponera mucronata Roger, 1860. Serna and Vergara- Navarro (2007a) (PCM , PN and PA). Amalfi, Cañón del Porce: 980 m a.s.l.

Heteroponera inca Brown, 1958. Serna and Vergara-Navarro (2007a) (PCM and PN ). Amalfi, Cañón del Porce: 1,000 m a.s.l.

Heteroponera microps Borgmeier, 1957. Kempf (1972), Fernández (1990), Fernández et al. (1996a), Serna and Vergara-Navarro (2007a) (PCM and PN ). Amalfi, Cañón del Porce: 980 m a.s.l.

LEPTANILLOIDINAE

Leptanilloides biconstricta Mann, 1923. Zábala et al. (2006) (PCM ). Amalfi, Cañón del Porce: 980 m a.s.l.

Leptanilloides sculpturata Brandão, Diniz, Agosti and Delabie, 1999. Brandão et al. (1999), Delabie (1999) (PCM ). Amalfi, Cañón del Porce: 980 m a.s.l.

MYRMICINAE

Acromyrmex aspersus Smith, 1858. Fernández et al. (1996), Toro (2002) (PCM and PN ). Granada: 2,050 m a.s.l.Rionegro: 2,137 m a.s.l. Caldas: 1,789 m a.s.l. La Ceja: 2,180 m a.s.l. Medellin, Bocana: 1,486 m a.s.l. Betania: 1,550 m a.s.l. Granada: 2,050 m a.s.l. Andes: 1,537 m a.s.l. Guarne: 2,143 m a.s.l. Marinilla: 2,100 m a.s.l. El Peñol: 1,900 m a.s.l. Santuario: 2,200 m a.s.l. La Estrella: 1,764 m a.s.l. Santuario: 2,200 m a.s.l. Támesis, La Matilde rural lane, La Fabiola farm: 1,850 m a.s.l.

Acromyrmex coronatus Fabricius, 1804. Toro (2002) (PCM , PO, PA and PN ). Concepción: 1,862 m a.s.l.

Acromyrmex landolti Forel, 1885. Serna (1999) (CAP, PCM , PO and PN ). Amalfi, Cañón del Porce: 970 m a.s.l. Santafe de Antioquia: 500 m a.s.l. Santo Domingo: 1,000 m a.s.l. Amalfi, Cañón del Porce-La Picardia: 975 m a.s.l. Sopetrán, Santa Rita rural lane: 723 m a.s.l.

Acromyrmex octospinosus Reich, 1793. Fernández et al. (1996a) (PCM , PO, PA and PN ). Titiribi, Otra mina rural lane: 1,550 m a.s.l. Murindó, Chageradó: 23 m a.s.l. Bolívar: 1,230 m a.s.l. Cisneros: 1,038 m a.s.l. Amalfi, Cañón del Porce-Tenche: 1,000 m a.s.l. San Luis: 1,050 m a.s.l. Rionegro: 2,137 m a.s.l. San Francisco: 1,250 m a.s.l. Santafe de Antioquia: 550 m a.s.l. Yolombó: 1,495 m a.s.l. Frontino, Parque Nacional Natural Las Orquideas: 900 m a.s.l. Cisneros: 1,038 m a.s.l. Medellín: 1,560 m a.s.l. Cocorná: 1,200 m a.s.l. Dabeiba 450 m a.s.l. Sopetrán: 723 m a.s.l. Mutata: 66 m a.s.l. Támesis, San Nicolas farm: 1,500 m a.s.l. Gómez Plata: 1,080 m a.s.l. Apartadó, "Via a Carepa, Parque de los Encuentros": 30 m a.s.l.

Adelomyrmex myops Wheeler, 1910. Serna (1999) (PCM ). Amalfi, Cañón del Porce-Normandia: 1,045 m a.s.l.

Apterostigma reburrum Lattke 1997. Lattke (1997) (PCM ). Amalfi, Cañón del Porce: 980 m a.s.l.

Atta cephalotes Linnaeus, 1758. Fernández et al. (1996a), Yepes et al. (1999), Vergara-Navarro et al. (2007) (CAP, MSN , PCM , PO, PA and PN ) Angostura, Santa Ana rural lane: 1,637 m a.s.l. Ituango: 1,550 m a.s.l. Santafe de Antioquia: 550 m a.s.l. Arboletes: 10 m a.s.l. El Bagre, Arenales: 85 m a.s.l. Guadalupe: 1,850 m a.s.l. Medellin, Universidad Nacional-Núcleo El volador: 1,493 m a.s.l. Murindo, Indian reservation of the Embera Eyabida rivers and Chagerado Turriquitado: 23 m a.s.l. Gómez Plata, La Clara rural lane, Vegas de la Clara farm: 1,080 m a.s.l. Granada, Galilea rural lane: 2,050 m a.s.l. Támesis, San Isidro rural lane: 1,200 m a.s.l. Argelia: 1,750 m a.s.l. San Roque: 1,471 m a.s.l. San Rafael: 1,000 m a.s.l. Venecia: 1,350 m a.s.l. San Luis: 1,075 m a.s.l. Murindo: 23 m a.s.l. Venecia: 1,350 m a.s.l. Envigado: 1,575 m a.s.l. Mutata: 66 m a.s.l. Angostura: 1,637 m a.s.l. Amalfi, Cañón del Porce- Tenche: 1,000 m a.s.l. San Carlos: 1,036 m a.s.l. Caucasia: 50 m a.s.l. San Luis: 1,075 m a.s.l. Fredonia: 1800 m a.s.l. Amagá: 1,392 m a.s.l. Copacabana El Salado rural lane: 1,425 m a.s.l. Caldas: 1789 m a.s.l. Turbo: 2 m a.s.l. Andes: 1357 m a.s.l. Ituango: 1575 m a.s.l. Frontino, "Parque Nacional Natural Las Orquideas, cabaña Venados" 900 m a.s.l. Cisneros: 1,038 m a.s.l. San Jerónimo, Parc. Las Palmeras: 850 m a.s.l. Amalfi, Cañón del Porce-Santa Lucia: 1,020 m a.s.l. Barbosa, Yarumito: 1,308 m a.s.l. Bello: 1,495 m a.s.l. Caracolí: 651 m a.s.l. Cocorná, La Chonta: 1,286 m a.s.l. San Carlos, Urbana: 1,010 m a.s.l. San Juan de Uraba: 25 m a.s.l. Santa Barbara: 1,846 m a.s.l. Yolombó: 1,450 m a.s.l. Yondo: 80 m a.s.l. Urrao: 1,790 m a.s.l. Valparaiso La Fabiana: 800 m a.s.l. Caucasia, La Candelaria rural lane, La Candelaria U de A farm: 80 m a.s.l. Puerto Olaya, 112 m a.s.l. Venecia, J.J. farm: 1,350 m a.s.l. Titiribi: 1,550 m a.s.l. Santo Domingo: 1,000 m a.s.l.

Atta colombica Guérin-Méneville, 1844. Serna (1999) (CAP, MSN , PCM , PO and PN ). Tarazá, Puerto Valdivia: 100 m a.s.l. Puerto Nare: 140 m a.s.l. Arboletes, Caña Brava rural lane: 10 m a.s.l. Chigorodo: 12 m a.s.l. La Estrella: 1,764 m a.s.l. Puerto Berrío: 123 m a.s.l. Puerto Triunfo, Rio Claro: 115 m a.s.l. San Roque: 1,100 m a.s.l. San Rafael: 1,000 m a.s.l. Mutata: 66 m a.s.l. Santo Domingo: 1,100 m a.s.l. Turbo: 4 m a.s.l. Amalfi, Cañón del Porce: 950 m a.s.l. Arboletes: 4 m a.s.l. Caucasia 50 m a.s.l. El Bagre, Las Claritas rual lane, Las Claritas farm: 85 m a.s.l. Medellin, Belen district: 1,538 m a.s.l. Necoclí: 8 m a.s.l. Puerto Berrío, Guasimal rural lane: 112 m a.s.l. San Pedro de Uraba: 8 m a.s.l. Vigia del Fuerte, Guaguando rural lane: 25 m a.s.l. Carepa, Tulenapa farm: 10 m a.s.l. Cisneros: 1,038 m a.s.l. Santafe de Antioquia, Cotove farm: 600 m a.s.l. Yolombó, Porce locality (La Calandria): 1,010 m a.s.l. Caracolí: 651 m a.s.l. Puerto Berrío, Santa Cruz: 112 m a.s.l. San Juan de Uraba: 25 m a.s.l.

Cardiocondyla nuda Mayr, 1866 (PCM , PO, PN ). Amalfi, Cañón del Porce-Fosforito: 1,100 m a.s.l. Marinilla: 2,100 m a.s.l.

Cardiocondyla wroughtonii Forel, 1890. Vergara-Navarro et al. (2007) (PCM , PN ). Medellin, Universidad Nacional: 1,460 m a.s.l.

Cephalotes atratus Linnaeus, 1758. Fernández et al. (1996), Serna (1999) (PCM , PO, PA and PN ). Cáceres: 100 m a.s.l. Dabeiba: 450 m a.s.l. Mutata: 66 m a.s.l. Arboletes: 4 m a.s.l. Puerto Triunfo, Rio Claro: 150 m a.s.l. San Jerónimo: 750 m a.s.l. San Luis: 1,075 m a.s.l. San Roque: 1,100 m a.s.l. Remedios: 680 m a.s.l. Amalfi, Cañón del Porce: 1,045 m a.s.l. Caucasia: 50 m a.s.l. Puerto Nare, Caño Loco rural lane, La Brasilia farm: 160 m a.s.l. Maceo Cañon, Alicante-Guardasol river: 950 m a.s.l. Támesis, El Hacha rural lane, El Nogal farm: 1,560 m a.s.l. Caucasia: 80 m a.s.l.

Cephalotes basalis Smith, 1876. Sandoval (2005) (PCM and PN ). Caldas: 1,789 m a.s.l. Tarazá: 108 m a.s.l. Puerto Triunfo: 115 m a.s.l. Necoclí, El Totumo rural lane: 4 m a.s.l. Caucasia, La Candelaria rural lane, La Candelaria U de A farm: 80 m a.s.l. San Carlos: 1,010 m a.s.l.

Cephalotes christopherseni Forel, 1912. Sandoval (2005) (CAP, PCM , PO and PN ). Amalfi, Cañón del Porce- Normandia: 1,045 m a.s.l. Maceo: 950 m a.s.l. Mutata: 66 m a.s.l.

Cephalotes cristatus Emery, 1890. Sandoval (2005) (PCM and PN ). Amalfi, Porce (La Calandria): 1,010 m a.s.l. Amalfi, Cañón del Porce-Fosforito: 970 m a.s.l.

Cephalotes femoralis Smith, 1853. Sandoval (2005) (CAP, PCM and PN ). Medellín, Universidad Nacional-Núcleo El volador: 1,538 m a.s.l. Caucasia, La Candelaria rural lane, La Candelaria U de A farm: 80 m a.s.l.

Cephalotes maculatus Smith, 1876. Vergara-Navarro et al. (2007) (CAP, PCM , PO, PA and PN ). Medellin, Universidad Nacional-Núcleo El Volador: 1,493 m a.s.l. Fredonia: 1,800 m a.s.l. Amalfi, "Cañón del Porce-Tenche, Santa Lucia": 1,000 m a.s.l. Fredonia: 1,800 m a.s.l. Santo Domingo Porce: 1,100 m a.s.l. Gómez Plata, La Candelaria rural lane, Vegas de la Clara farm: 1,000 m a.s.l.

Cephalotes minutus Fabricius, 1804. Fernández et al. (1996) (PCM , PO and PN ). Santafe de Antioquia: 550 m a.s.l. Amalfi, Porce (La Calandria): 1,010 m a.s.l. Santo Domingo Porce: 1,100 m a.s.l. San Jerónimo: 750 m a.s.l. La Pintada: 630 m a.s.l. Cephalotes pavonii Latreille, 1809. Sandoval (2005) Amalfi (CAP, PCM and PN ). Cañón del Porce: 980 m a.s.l.

Cephalotes porrasi Wheeler, 1942. De Andrade and Baroni- Urbani (1999) (PCM , CAP and PN ). Amalfi, Cañón del Porce: 980 m a.s.l.

Cephalotes pusillus Klug, 1824. Sandoval (2005) (CAP, PCM , PO, PA and PN ). San Luis: 1,075 m a.s.l.

Cephalotes targionii Emery, 1894. Sandoval (2005) (CAP, PCM and PN ). Amalfi, Cañón del Porce: 980 m a.s.l.

Cephalotes umbraculatus Fabricius, 1804. Fernández et al. (1996a) (CAP, PCM , PO, PA and PN ). Santo Domingo Porce: 1,000 m a.s.l. Sopetrán: 750 m a.s.l. San Carlos: 1,100 m a.s.l. Amalfi, Cañón del Porce-Tenche: 1,000 m a.s.l. Santo Domingo Porce: 1,100 m a.s.l. Caucasia, La Candelaria rural lane, La Candelaria U de A farm: 80 m a.s.l.

Crematogaster abstinens Forel, 1899. Fernández et al. (1996) (PCM ). Amalfi, Cañón del Porce: 980 m a.s.l.

Crematogaster crinosa Mayr, 1862. Longino (2003) (PCM ). Amalfi, Cañón del Porce: 980 m a.s.l.

Crematogaster curvispinosa Mayr, 1862. Longino (2003) (MSN , PCM , PA and PN ). Amalfi, Cañón del Porce: 980 m a.s.l.

Crematogaster distans Mayr, 1870. Fernández et al. (1996a), Longino (2003) (CAP, MSN , PCM , PO and PN ). Rionegro: 2,120 m a.s.l. Támesis, San Nicolas rural lane, San Nicolas farm: 1,590 m a.s.l.

Crematogaster limata Smith, 1858. Fernández et al. (1996a), Longino (2003) (MSN , PCM , PO and PN ) Turbo Crematogaster montezumia Smith, 1858 (MSN , PCM and PN ). Amagá: 1,392 m a.s.l.

Crematogaster nigropilosa Mayr, 1870 (MSN , PCM , PO and PN ). Valdivia: 1,102 m a.s.l. Támesis, La Virgen rural lane, La Virgen de la Peña farm: 1,470 m a.s.l.

Cyphomyrmex cornutus Kempf, 1968 (PCM , PN , PO and TIOP). Frontino, Parque Nacional Natural Las Orquideas: 900 m a.s.l.

Cyphomyrmex costatus Mann, 1922. Weber (1940). Note: C. colombianus is a junior synonymous of C. costatus (Bolton et al., 2006) (PCM , CAP and MSN ). San Luis "El Refugio, Cañón de Rio Claro": 515 m a.s.l.

Cyphomyrmex rimosus Spinola, 1851 (PCM , CAP, PO, PN ). Sonson, Llano Cañaveral, La Violeta stream: 1,000 m a.s.l.

Cyphomyrmex transversus Emery, 1894. San Luis "El Refugio, Cañón de Rio Claro": 515 m a.s.l.

Cyphomyrmex vorticis Weber, 1940 (PCM ). San Luis "El Refugio, Cañón de Rio Claro": 515 m a.s.l.

Eurhopalothrix bolaui Mayr, 1870 (PCM , CAP, MSN ). Támesis, San Nicolas rural lane, San Nicolas farm: 1,590 m a.s.l.

Hylomyrma reitteri Mayr, 1887 (PCM ). Frontino: 900 m a.s.l.

Megalomyrmex foreli Emery, 1890. Brandão (1990), Fernández et al. (1996) (TIOC, PCM , PO and PN ). Medellin, Universidad Nacional-Núcleo El volador: 1,538 m a.s.l.

Megalomyrmex incisus F. Smith, 1947 (PO, CAP, PCM and MSN ). Amalfi, Cañón del Porce: 980 m a.s.l.

Megalomyrmex leoninus Forel, 1885 (PCM , PO, PN and PA). Amalfi, Cañón del Porce-Normandia: 1,045 m a.s.l. Amalfi, Cañón del Porce-San Ignacio: 970 m a.s.l.

Megalomyrmex pacova Brandao. Amalfi, Cañón del Porce: 980 m a.s.l.

Megalomyrmex poatan Brandão, 1990 (MSN and PCM ). Amalfi, Cañón del Porce: 980 m a.s.l.

Megalomyrmex silvestrii Wheeler, 1929 (CAP, MSN , PA and PCM ). Amalfi, Cañón del Porce: 980 m a.s.l.

Megalomyrmex wallacei Mann, 1916 (PCM and PA). Amalfi, Cañón del Porce: 980 m a.s.l.

Monomorium floricola Jerdon, 1851. Fernández et al. (1996), Vergara-Navarro et al. (2007) (CAP, PCM , PO, PA and PN ). Santafe de Antioquia, La Contadora rural lane, Las Flores farm: 550 m a.s.l. Medellin, Universidad Nacional- Núcleo El volador: 1,496 m a.s.l.

Monomorium pharaonis Linnaeus, 1758. Fernández et al. (1996) (PCM , PO and PN ). Arboletes: 10 m a.s.l. San Luis "El Refugio, Cañón de Rio Claro": 515 m a.s.l.

Mycocepurus smithii Forel, 1893 (PCM , PN and PO). Amalfi, Cañón del Porce-Fosforito: 945 m a.s.l.

Myrmicocrypta urichi Weber, 1937. New record for Colombia (PCM ). Amalfi, Cañón del Porce: 980 m a.s.l.

Nesomyrmex spininodis Mayr, 1887. Fernández et al. (1996). Note: Leptothorax spininodis is a junior synonymous of N. spininodis (Bolton et al., 2006) (PCM and PN ). Amalfi, Cañón del Porce: 980 m a.s.l.

Octostruma balzani Emery, 1894. San Luis "El Refugio, Cañón de Rio Claro": 515 m a.s.l. (CAP, MSN , PCM , PO and PN ). Amalfi, Cañón del Porce-Tenche: 1,000 m a.s.l.

Octostruma iheringi Emery, 1888 (MSN , PCM ). Támesis, La Virgen rural lane, La Virgen No. 1 farm: 1,540 m a.s.l. San Luis "El Refugio, Cañón de Rio Claro": 515 m a.s.l.

Pheidole angulifera Wilson, 2003. New record for Colombia (PCM ). Amalfi, Cañón del Porce: 980 m a.s.l.

Pheidole biconstricta Mayr, 1870 (PCM , PO, PA and PN ). Amalfi, Cañón del Porce-San Ignacio: 970 m a.s.l.

Pheidole bilimeki Mayr, 1870 (PCM ). Amalfi, Cañón del Porce: 980 m a.s.l.

Pheidole browni Wilson, 2003 (PCM ). Amalfi, Cañón del Porce: 980 m a.s.l.

Pheidole colobopsis Mann, 1916. Wilson (2003) Amalfi (PCM ). Cañón del Porce: 980 m a.s.l.

Pheidole guilelmimuelleri Forel, 1886. Fernández et al. (1996a) (PCM ). Amalfi, Cañón del Porce: 980 m a.s.l.

Pheidole quadriceps Wilson, 2003. Wilson (2003) (PCM ). Amalfi, Cañón del Porce: 980 m a.s.l.

Procryptocerus attenuatus F. Smith, 1876. Amalfi, Cañón del Porce: 980 m a.s.l.

Procryptocerus coriarius Mayr, 1870. Longino and Snelling (2002) (PCM and PN ). Amalfi, Cañón del Porce: 980 m a.s.l. Santa Bárbara, Versalles rural lane: 1,800 m a.s.l.

Procryptocerus ferreri Forel, 1912 (MSN , PCM ). Amalfi, Cañón del Porce: 980 m a.s.l.

Procryptocerus hylaeus Kempf, 1951 (MSN , PCM and PN ). Amalfi, Cañón del Porce: 980 m a.s.l.

Procryptocerus pictipes Emery, 1896. Longino and Snelling (2002) (PCM and PO). Amalfi, Cañón del Porce: 980 m a.s.l.

Procryptocerus scabriusculus Forel, 1899. La Pintada: 980 m a.s.l.

Procryptocerus schmitti Forel, 1901. Cañón del Porce: 980 m a.s.l.

Pyramica grytava Bolton, 2000. Vergara-Navarro et al. (2007) (PCM ). Amalfi, Cañón del Porce: 980 m a.s.l.

Pyramica laevipleura Kempf, 1958. Fernández et al. (1996). Note: Strumigenys laevipleura is a junior synonymous of P. laevipleura (Bolton et al., 2006) (PCM ). Amalfi, Cañón del Porce: 980 m a.s.l.

Pyramica margaritae Forel, 1893. Bolton (2000) (PCM , PO and PN ). Amalfi, Cañón del Porce: 980 m a.s.l. Pyramica schulzi Emery, 1894 (PCM ). Amalfi, Cañón del Porce: 980 m a.s.l.

Pyramica wheeleri Smith, 1944 (PCM , PN ). Amalfi, Cañón del Porce: 980 m a.s.l.

Pyramica xenognatha Kempf, 1958 Fernández et al. (1996), Bolton (2000) (PCM ). Amalfi, Cañón del Porce: 980 m a.s.l.

Rhopalothrix ciliata Mayr, 1870 (PCM ). Támesis, La Virgen rural lane, La Cumbre farm: 1,610 m a.s.l. Rogeria alzatei Kugler, 1994. Fernández et al. (1996a) (CAP, MSN , PCM , PO and PN ). Amalfi, Cañón del Porce: 980 m a.s.l.

Rogeria foreli Emery, 1894. Vergara-Navarro et al. (2007) (PCM ). Amalfi, Cañón del Porce: 980 m a.s.l.

Rogeria gibba Kugler, 1994. Fernández et al. (1996a) (PCM ). Amalfi, Cañón del Porce: 980 m a.s.l.

Solenopsis gayi Spinola, 1851. Fernández et al. (1996a) (PCM , PO, PN ). Amalfi, Cañón del Porce: 980 m a.s.l.

Solenopsis geminata Fabricius, 1804. Toro (2002), Vergara- Navarro et al. (2007) (CAP, PCM , PO, PA and PN ). Medellin, Universidad Nacional-Núcleo El volador: 1,593 m a.s.l. Santo Domingo: 1,950 m a.s.l. Caucasia: 80 m a.s.l.

Solenopsis laeviceps Mayr, 1870 (PCM , MSN ). Amalfi, Cañón del Porce: 980 m a.s.l.

Solenopsis subterranea Mackay and Vinson, 1989. New record for Colombia (PCM ). Amalfi, Cañón del Porce: 980 m a.s.l.

Stegomyrmex manni Smith, 1946. Serna (2002) (PCM ). Amalfi, Cañón del Porce-San Ignacio: 970 m a.s.l. Strumigenys godmani Forel, 1899 (PCM ). San Luis "El Refugio, Cañón de Rio Claro": 515 m a.s.l.

Strumigenys margiventris Santschi, 1931 (PCM ). Amalfi, Cañón del Porce: 980 m a.s.l.

Strumigenys perparva Brown, 1958. Vergara-Navarro et al. (2007) (PCM , PO and PN ). Amalfi, Cañón del Porce: 980 m a.s.l.

Trachymyrmex bugnioni Forel, 1912 (MSN and PCM ). Amalfi, Cañón del Porce: 980 m a.s.l.

Trachymyrmex cornetzi Forel, 1912 (MSN and PCM ). Amalfi, Cañón del Porce: 980 m a.s.l.

Trachymyrmex zeteki Weber, 1940. Amalfi, Cañón del Porce: 980 m a.s.l.

Tranopelta gilva Mayr, 1866. Vergara-Navarro et al. (2007) (PCM , PA and PN ). Medellin, Universidad Nacional- Núcleo El Volador: 1,493 m a.s.l. Támesis, El Hacha rural lane, La Miranda farm: 1,510 m a.s.l. San Luis "El Refugio, Cañón de Rio Claro": 515 m a.s.l.

Wasmannia auropunctata Roger, 1863. Serna (1999), Vergara-Navarro et al. (2007) (CAP, MSN and PCM ). Medellin: 1,538 m a.s.l. Frontino, Parque Nacional Natural Las Orquideas: 900 m a.s.l. San Luis "El Refugio, Cañón de Rio Claro": 515 m a.s.l.

PARAPONERINAE

Paraponera clavata Fabricius, 1775. Fernández (1993), Fernández et al. (1996a), Serna and Vergara-Navarro (2007a) (PN , PA, PO, PCM and PG). Urrao: 1,600 m a.s.l. Urrao: 1,800 m a.s.l. Dabeiba: 450 m a.s.l. Turbo: 2 m a.s.l. Mutata: 66 m a.s.l. Frontino, Parque Nacional Natural Las Orquideas: 1,350 m a.s.l. Santa Barbara: 1,846 m a.s.l.

PONERINAE

Anochetus diegensis Forel, 1912. Fernández (2007), Serna and Vergara-Navarro (2007a) (CAP, PCM , MSN , PO and PN ). Amalfi, Cañón del Porce: 980 m a.s.l.

Anochetus simoni Emery, 1890. Támesis, San Nicolas rural lane, San Nicolas farm: 1,510 m a.s.l.

Odontomachus affinis Guérin-Méneville, 1844. Serna and Vergara-Navarro (2007a) (PCM ). Frontino: 900 m a.s.l.

Odontomachus bauri Emery, 1892. Fernández et al. (1996a), Serna and Vergara-Navarro (2007a) (CAP, PCM , PA, PN , MSN , PO and PG). Venecia: 1,300 m a.s.l. Cocorná, La Veta rural lane: 980 m a.s.l. San Luis "El Refugio, Cañón de Rio Claro": 515 m a.s.l.

Odontomachus chelifer Latreille, 1802. Fernández et al. (1996a), Serna and Vergara-Navarro (2007a) (CAP, PCM , PO, PN and MSN ). Amalfi, Cañón del Porce: 1,000 m a.s.l. Gómez Plata: 1,828 m a.s.l. La Ceja: 2,149 m a.s.l. Santo Domingo: 1,100 m a.s.l. Medellin: 1,538 m a.s.l. Guarne: 2,150 m a.s.l. Porce: 990 m a.s.l. Campamento: 1,750 m a.s.l. Santa Barbara: 1,846 m a.s.l.

Odontomachus erythrocephalus Emery, 1890. Fernández et al. (1996), Toro (2002), Vergara-Navarro et al. (2007) (CAP, PCM , PA and PN ). Donmatías, La Frijolera rural lane: 2,156 m a.s.l. Angostura, Santa Ana rural lane: 1,637 m a.s.l. Ituango: 1,550 m a.s.l. Arboletes: 10 m a.s.l. Medellin: 1,493 m a.s.l. Gómez Plata, La Clara rural lane, Vegas de la Clara farm: 1,080 m a.s.l. Amalfi, Cañón del Porce: 970 m a.s.l. Támesis, Alacena rural lane, Villa Fatima farm: 1,870 m a.s.l. Cocorná: 1,300 m a.s.l. Envigado: 1,575 m a.s.l. Bello Fontidueño: 1,495 m a.s.l. Itagui Ferrara: 1,000 m a.s.l. Guarne: 2,143 m a.s.l. Caldas, Reserve of Alto de San Miguel (lower), La Estrella: 1,764 m a.s.l. Copacabana, El Cabuyal rural lane: 1,650 m a.s.l. Gómez Plata: 1,080 m a.s.l. El Peñol, La Veta, Cocorná 970 m a.s.l. Puerto Nare, Nare river: 1,800 m a.s.l. San Luis "El Refugio, Cañón de Rio Claro": 515 m a.s.l. Odontomachus haematodus Linnaeus, 1758. Fernández et al. (1996), Serna and Vergara-Navarro (2007a) ( PCM , PO, PA, PN and PG). Santo Domingo Porce: 1,100 m a.s.l. Cocorná, La Veta rural lane: 970 m a.s.l.

Odontomachus hastatus Fabricius, 1804. Serna and Vergara-Navarro (2007a) (PCM , PA and PN ). Urrao: 1,800 m a.s.l.

Odontomachus mormo Brown, 1976. Serna and Vergara- Navarro (2007a) (PCM and PN ). San Luis "El Refugio, Cañón de Rio Claro": 515 m a.s.l.

Pachycondyla aenescens Mayr, 1870. Serna and Vergara- Navarro (2007a) (PCM and PN ). Sabaneta: 1,610 m a.s.l.

Pachycondyla apicalis Latreille, 1802. Fernández et al. (1996), Serna and Vergara-Navarro (2007a) (PCM , PO, PA, PN , MSN , CAP and PG) San Pedro: 2,000 m a.s.l. Gómez Plata: 1,828 m a.s.l. Puerto Triunfo, Rio Claro: 150 m a.s.l. Amalfi, Cañón del Porce: 1,100 m a.s.l. Santafe de Antioquia: 550 m a.s.l.

Pachycondyla arhuaca Forel, 1901. Serna and Vergara- Navarro (2007a) (CAP, PCM , PA and PG). Amalfi, Cañón del Porce: 980 m a.s.l.

Pachycondyla atrovirens Mayr, 1866. Kempf (1972), Fernández et al. (1996a), Serna and Vergara-Navarro (2007a) (PCM ). Amalfi, Cañón del Porce: 980 m a.s.l.

Pachycondyla carbonaria Smith, 1858. Fernández et al. (1996a), Serna and Vergara-Navarro (2007a) (PCM , PN and PA). Medellin, Piedras Blancas rural lane: 2,950 m a.s.l. Carepa: 10 m a.s.l.

Pachycondyla carinulata Roger, 1861. Mackay et al. (2007), Serna and Vergara-Navarro (2007a) (PCM , PA, PO, CAP and PG). Amalfi, Cañón del Porce-Tenche: 1,000 m a.s.l. San Luis "El Refugio, Cañón de Rio Claro": 515 m a.s.l.

Pachycondyla constricta Mayr, 1884. Serna and Vergara- Navarro (2007a) (PCM , PO, PN , PA, CAP and PG) Amalfi, Cañón del Porce-Santa Lucia: 1,020 m a.s.l. Amalfi, Cañón del Porce-Tenche: 1,000 m a.s.l. San Luis "El Refugio, Cañón de Rio Claro" 515 m a.s.l.

Pachycondyla crassinoda Latreille, 1802. Fernández et al. (1996a), Serna and Vergara-Navarro (2007a) (PCM , PO, PA, PN and PG) Santo Domingo Porce: 1,000 m a.s.l.

Pachycondyla crenata Roger, 1861. Vergara-Navarro et al. (2007), Serna and Vergara-Navarro (2007a) (PCM , PO, PA and CAP) Amalfi, Cañón del Porce-Tenche: 1,000 m a.s.l. Ituango: 1,575 m a.s.l.

Pachycondyla eleonorae Forel, 1921. Mackay et al. (2007), Serna and Vergara-Navarro (2007a) (PCM , PN and PA) Támesis, La virgen rural lane, La Cumbre farm. 1,610 m a.s.l.

Pachycondyla fauveli Emery, 1896. Mackay et al. (2007) (PCM and PN ). Amalfi, Cañón del Porce: 980 m a.s.l.

Pachycondyla ferruginea Smith, 1858. Mackay et al. (2007), Serna and Vergara-Navarro (2007a) (PCM , PA and PN ). San Luis "El Refugio, Cañón de Rio Claro": 515 m a.s.l.

Pachycondyla foetida Linnaeus, 1758. Mackay et al. (2007) (PO, PCM , PA and PN ). Amalfi, Cañón del Porce: 980 m a.s.l.

Pachycondyla harpax Fabricius, 1804. Mackay et al. (2007), Vergara-Navarro et al. (2007), Serna and Vergara-Navarro (2007a) (CAP, PCM , PO, PA, PN and PG). Ituango: 1,550 m a.s.l. Donmatías, La Frijolera rural lane: 2,156 m a.s.l. Amalfi, Cañón del Porce: 975 m a.s.l. Gómez Plata: 1,828 m a.s.l. Medellin, El Poblado district: 1,538 m a.s.l. Bello: 1,495 m a.s.l. Santafe de Antioquia: 550 m a.s.l. El Retiro, El Barcino rural lane: 2,109 m a.s.l. Támesis, La Virgen rural lane, La Virgen No. 1 farm: 1,500 m a.s.l. San Luis "El Refugio, Cañón de Rio Claro": 515 m a.s.l. Pachycondyla holmgreni Wheeler, 1925. Serna and Vergara- Navarro (2007a) (PCM and PN ). Amalfi, Cañón del Porce: 990 m a.s.l.

Pachycondyla holcotyla Brown. Frontino: 900 m a.s.l. Caldas: 1789 m a.s.l. Concepción: 1862 m a.s.l.

Pachycondyla impressa Roger, 1861. Serna and Vergara- Navarro (2007a) (PCM , PN , PA, MSN , CAP and PO). Angostura, Santa Ana rural lane: 1,637 m a.s.l. Cocorná: 1,300 m a.s.l. Caldas: 1,750 m a.s.l. Fredonia: 1,800 m a.s.l. San Carlos: 1,036 m a.s.l. Amalfi, Cañón del Porce- Normandia: 1,045 m a.s.l. Envigado, El Salado rural lane: 1,800 m a.s.l.

Pachycondyla obscuricornis Emery, 1890, Amalfi, Cañón del Porce: 970 m a.s.l. Gómez Plata 1,828 m a.s.l. Amalfi, Cañón del Porce: 950 m a.s.l. Cocorná, La Veta rural lane: 980 m a.s.l.

Pachycondyla stigma Fabricius, 1804. Fernández et al. (1996), Serna and Vergara-Navarro (2007a) (PCM , PN , PA, PO, CAP and PG). Amalfi, Cañón del Porce: 970 m a.s.l. Puerto Triunfo, Rio Claro: 155 m a.s.l. Cocorná, La Veta rural lane: 980 m a.s.l. Santafe de Antioquia 550 m a.s.l.

Pachycondyla theresiae Forel, 1899. Serna and Vergara- Navarro (2007a) (PCM , PN ). Mutata 66 m a.s.l.

Pachycondyla verenae Forel, 1922. Fernández et al. (1996), Serna and Vergara-Navarro (2007a) (PCM , PN , PG, PA and PO). Amalfi, Cañón del Porce: 980 m a.s.l.

Pachycondyla villosa Fabricius, 1804. Fernández et al. (1996a), Serna and Vergara-Navarro (2007a) (PCM , PN , PA, CAP, PO and PG). Donmatías, La Frijolera rural lane: 2,156 m a.s.l. Cocorná: 1,300 m a.s.l. San Luis: 1,075 m a.s.l. Turbo 2 m a.s.l. Chigorodo: 40 m a.s.l. Mutata 66 m a.s.l. Amalfi, Cañón del Porce: 1,100 m a.s.l.

Platythyrea sinuata Roger, 1860. Fernández et al. (1996), Serna and Vergara-Navarro (2007a). (PCM , PN , PA, PO). Amalfi, Cañón del Porce: 1,100 m a.s.l.

Simopelta fernandezi Mackay and Mackay, 2008 (PCM and PA). Amalfi, Cañón del Porce: 980 m a.s.l.

Thaumatomyrmex atrox Weber, 1939 (PCM , PN and CAP). Amalfi, Cañón del Porce: 980 m a.s.l.

Thaumatomyrmex ferox Mann, 1922. Serna and Vergara- Navarro (2007a) (PCM ). Amalfi, Cañón del Porce: 980 m a.s.l.

Thaumatomyrmex palludis Weber Amalfi, Cañón del Porce: 1,020 m a.s.l.

PROCERATIINAE

Discothyrea near isthmica Weber, 1940. Vergara-Navarro et al. (2007), Serna and Vergara-Navarro (2007a) Medellin: Probolomyrmex boliviensis Mann, 1923. Sossa-Calvo and Longino (2007), Serna and Vergara-Navarro (2007a). Támesis, La Virgen rural lane, La Cumbre farm: 1,610 m a.s.l.

Proceratium mancum Mann, 1922. Sossa-Calvo and Longino (2007). Amalfi, Cañón del Porce: 980 m a.s.l.

PSEUDOMYRMECINAE

Pseudomyrmex boopis Roger, 1863 (PCM , PN , PA, MSN , PO and CAP). Amalfi, Cañón del Porce-Fosforito: 970 m a.s.l. Amalfi, Cañón del Porce-Normandia: 1,045 m a.s.l. Santafe de Antioquia, Cotove farm: 607 m a.s.l.

Pseudomyrmex cf. colei Enzmann, 1944 (PCM ). Amalfi, Cañón del Porce: 980 m a.s.l.

Pseudomyrmex cubaensis Forel, 1901. Fernández et al. (1996a), Vergara-Navarro et al. (2007) (PCM , PN , PA, MSN and PO). Medellin, Universidad Nacional-Núcleo El Volador: 1,493 m a.s.l.

Pseudomyrmex curacaensis Forel, 1912 (PCM , PN , PA, MSN , PO and CAP). Amalfi, Cañón del Porce: 980 m a.s.l.

Pseudomyrmex dendroicus Forel, 1904. Fernández et al. (1996a), Ward (1999) (PCM , PN , PA, PO). San Jerónimo 780 m a.s.l. Cocorná, La Veta rural lane: 980 m a.s.l. San Jerónimo 750 m a.s.l.

Pseudomyrmex elongatus Mayr, 1870. Vergara-Navarro et al. (2007) (PCM , PN , PA and PO). Santafe de Antioquia: 550 m a.s.l. Medellin, Universidad Nacional-Núcleo El Volador: 1,493 m a.s.l.

Pseudomyrmex euryblemma Forel, 1899. Vergara-Navarro et al. (2007) (PCM and MSN ). Medellin: 1,496 m a.s.l. Universidad Nacional-Núcleo El Volador: 1,493 m a.s.l. Pseudomyrmex faber Smith, 1858. Aponte (2006) (PCM ). Amalfi, Cañón del Porce: 980 m a.s.l.

Pseudomyrmex filiformis Fabricius, 1804 (PCM , PN , PA, MSN , PO and CAP). Amalfi, Cañón del Porce-Fosforito: 945 m a.s.l.

Pseudomyrmex gebellii Forel, 1899 (PCM , PN and MSN ). Anza: 620 m a.s.l. Bolívar: 1,200 m a.s.l. Santo Domingo: 1,100 m a.s.l. Amalfi, Cañón del Porce-La Calandría: 1,010 m a.s.l. Santafe de Antioquia, Cotove farm: 607 m a.s.l. Caucasia 50 m a.s.l. Betulia, Altamira rural lane, La Hondura farm: 1,000 m a.s.l.

Pseudomyrmex gracilis Fabricius, 1804. Vergara-Navarro et al. (2007) (PCM , PN , PA, MSN , CAP and PO). Santafe de Antioquia: 600 m a.s.l. Amalfi, Cañón del Porce- Fosforito: 970 m a.s.l. Alejandría: 1,694 m a.s.l. Támesis, La Virgen rural lane, La Virgen No. 1 farm: 1,440 m a.s.l. Medellin, 2,000 m a.s.l. Venecia: 1,335 m a.s.l. Sopetrán: 750 m a.s.l. Tarazá: 100 m a.s.l. Guarne: 2,143 m a.s.l. Santo Domingo, Termales: 1,000 m a.s.l. Marinilla: 2,100 m a.s.l. San Luis "El Refugio, Cañón de Rio Claro": 515 m a.s.l.

Pseudomyrmex ita Forel, 1906 (PCM and MSN ). Santafe de Antioquia, Cotove farm: 607 m a.s.l.

Pseudomyrmex laevivertex Forel, 1906. Vergara-Navarro et al. (2007) (PCM and MSN ). Amalfi, Cañón del Porce: 980 m a.s.l.

Pseudomyrmex lisus Enzmann, 1944. New record for Colombia (PCM ). Amalfi, Cañón del Porce 980 m a.s.l. Pseudomyrmex mordax Warming, 1894 (PCM ). Amalfi, Cañón del Porce: 980 m a.s.l.

Pseudomyrmex oculatus Smith, 1855 (PCM , PN , PA and PO). Amalfi, Cañón del Porce-La Calandría 1500 m a.s.l. Pseudomyrmex oki Forel, 1906 (PCM and MSN ). Amalfi, Cañón del Porce: 980 m a.s.l.

Pseudomyrmex pallens Mayr, 1870. Vergara-Navarro et al. (2007) (PCM , PN , PA and PO). Medellin, Universidad Nacional-Núcleo El volador: 1496 m a.s.l.

Pseudomyrmex rochai Forel, 1912. Vergara-Navarro et al. (2007) (PCM and PN ). Amalfi, Cañón del Porce: 980 m a.s.l.

Pseudomyrmex sericeus Mayr, 1870 (PCM , PN and PA). Amalfi, Cañón del Porce-San Ignacio: 970 m a.s.l. Amalfi, Cañón del Porce-Fosforito: 945 m a.s.l.

Pseudomyrmex simplex Smith, 1877 (PCM , PN , PA, PO, MSN and CAP). Medellin: 1,496 m a.s.l.

Pseudomyrmex subtilissimus Emery, 1890. Aponte-Cubides (2006) (PCM ). Amalfi, Cañón del Porce: 980 m a.s.l.

Pseudomyrmex tenuissimus Emery, 1906 (PCM , PN , PA, MSN and PO). Santafe de Antioquia, Cotove farm: 607 m a.s.l.

Pseudomyrmex termitarius Smith, 1855 (PCM , PN , PA, MSN and PO). Amalfi, Cañón del Porce-Fosforito: 970 m a.s.l. Amalfi, Cañón del Porce-La Frijolera: 1,550 m a.s.l. Pseudomyrmex urbanus Smith, 1877 (PCM ). Amalfi, Cañón del Porce: 980 m a.s.l.

Pseudomyrmex viduus Smith, 1858 (PCM , PN , PA and PO). Amalfi, Cañón del Porce: 980 m a.s.l.

These results constitute the first approach to the general knowledge of the ant species-level of Antioquia and contribute to the support of studies involving taxonomy, biodiversity, ecology, conservation, and applied entomology in Colombia and the Neotropics.

Acknowledgments

The authors wish to thank The IDE A WILD foundation for its co-financial support and all of the institutions, curators and directors of museums and collections that were visited, including the UNAB museum and the "Laboratorio de Ecología y Conservación Ambiental Universidad Nacional de Colombia" for logistical support, professor Norberto Parra (Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Medellín), INB io ("Instituto Nacional de Biodiversidad, Costa Rica") for loaning the reference collection, Fabio Penati Curator of Entomology Museo Civico di Storia Naturale "Giacomo Doria", The University of Texas at El Paso, Texas, USA, and Universidad Nacional de Colombia for supporting the postdoc position of the second author, the myrmecologists William Mackay, Phil Ward, Jeffrey Sossa, Jack Longino, John Lattke, Carlos R. Brandão, Rodrigo M. Feitosa, José Pacheco and Monica Ospina, all collectors who helped us with this study, especially Francisco Yepes and Nathaly Vergara-Navarro, as well as Professor Hernán Echavarría of "Grupo Sistemática de Insectos Agronomía (SIA)", who was a co-director of this project.

---

Literature cited

Alonso, L.E. and D. Agosti. 2000. Biodiversity studies, monitoring, and ants: An overview. pp. 1-8. In: Agosti, D., J.D. Majer, L.E.Alonso, and T.R. Schultz (eds.). Ants: standard methods for measuring and monitoring biodiversity. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington DC .

Amarillo S., A.R. 1999. Hormigas (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) del Cañón del Río Claro (Antioquia, Colombia). pp. 88-89. In: Nates, G.P. (ed.). Resúmenes y memorias. III Encuentro IUSS I Bolivariana. Unión Internacional para el Estudio de los Insectos Sociales (IUSS I); Fondo FEN ; Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogota.

Aponte-Cubides, L.P. 2006. Hormigas de la subfamilia Pseudomyrmecinae (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) en Colombia. Undergraduate thesis. Facultad de Ingeniería, Administración y Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Incca de Colombia, Bogota.

Arias-Penna, T.M. 2003. Nuevos registros de especies de hormigas de la subfamilia Ponerinae (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) para Colombia. Caldasia 25(2), 429-431.

Arias-Penna, T.M. 2006. Redescription of the ant Ectatomma confine Mayr, 1870 (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) and first record for Colombia. Entomol. News 117(4), 445-450.

Arias-Penna, T.M. 2007. Subfamilia Amblyoponinae. pp. 41-51. In: Jiménez, E., F. Fernández, T.M. Arias, and F. Lozano- Zambrano (eds.). Sistemática, biogeografía y conservación de las hormigas cazadoras de Colombia. Instituto de Recursos Biológicos Alexander von Humboldt, Bogota.

Bolton, B. 2000. The ant tribe Dacetini. Vol. 65. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute, Gainesville, FL. pp. 492- 1028.

Bolton, B. 2003. Synopsis and classification of Formicidae. Vol. 71. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute, Gainesville, FL. pp. 1-369.

Bolton, B., G. Alpert, P.S. Ward, and P. Naskrecki. 2006. Bolton's catalogue of Ants of the world, 1758-2005 (CD -ROM). Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA.

Brandão, C.R.F. 1990. Systematic revision of the Neotropical ant genus Megalomyrmex Forel (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Myrmicinae), with the description of thirteen new species. Arq. Zool. 31(5), 411-481.

Brandão, C.R.F., J.L.M. Diniz, D. Agosti, and J.H. Delabie. 1999. Revision of the Neotropical ant subfamily Leptanilloidinae. Syst. Entomol. 24, 17-36.

Brown, W.L. 1958. Contributions toward a reclassification of the Formicidae. II. Tribe Ectatommini (Hymenoptera). Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. 118(5), 176-362.

Brown, W.L. 1965. Contributions to a reclassification of the Formicidae. IV tribe Typhlomyrmecini (Hymenoptera). Psyche 72, 65-78.

Brown, W.L. 1973. A comparison of the Hylean and Congo-West African rain forest ant faunas. pp. 161-185. In: Meggers, B.J., E.S. Ayensu, and W.D. Duckworth (eds.). Tropical forest ecosystems in Africa and South America: a comparative review. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington DC .

Brown, W.L. 1975. Contributions toward a reclassification of the Formicidae. V. Ponerinae, tribes Platythyreini, Cerapachyni, Cilindromyrmecini, Acanthostichini and Aenictogini. Search Agric. 15(1), 1-116.

Brown, W.L. 1976. Key to new world species of Odontomachus workers. Studia Entomol. 19(1-4), 144-153.

Cárdenas G., J.E. 2002. Algunos aspectos ecológicos y de manejo de cochinillas (Homoptera: Pseudococcidae) en la zona bananera de Úraba (Antioquia). Undergraduate thesis. Faculty of Agriculture Sciences, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Medellin, Colombia.

Chacón de Ulloa, P., M.L. Baena, J. Bustos, R.C. Aldana, J.A. Aldana, and M.A. Gamboa. 1996. Fauna de hormigas del departamento del Valle del Cauca (Colombia). pp. 413-451. In: Andrade, G., G. Amat, and F. Fernández (eds.). Insectos de Colombia, estudios escogidos. Academia Colombiana de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales; Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogota.

De Andrade, M.L. and C. Baroni-Urbani. 1999. Diversity and adaptation in the ant genus Cephalotes, past and present. In: Stuttgarter Beitrage zur Naturkunde, serie B, Geologie und Paläontologie. Vol. 271. Staatliches Museum für Naturkunde in Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany.

Emery, C. 1894. Studi sulle formiche della fauna Neotropica. Boll. Soc. Entomol. Ital. 26, 137-241.

Espinal T., L.S. 1992. Geografía ecológica de Antioquia. Zonas de vida. Editorial Lealon; Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Medellin, Colombia.

Feitosa, R.M. and C.R.F. Brandão. 2008. A taxonomic revision of the Neotropical myrmicine ant genus Lachnomyrmex Wheeler (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Zootaxa 1890, 1-49.

Fernández, C.F. 1990. Hormigas cazadoras de Colombia (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Ponerinae). Undergraduate thesis. Faculty of Sciences, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogota.

Fernández, C.F. 1991. Las hormigas cazadoras del género Ectatomma (Formicidae: Ponerinae) en Colombia. Caldasia 16(79), 551- 564.

Fernández, C.F. 1993. Hormigas de Colombia III: Los géneros Acanthoponera Mayr, Heteroponera Mayr y Paraponera Fr. Smith (Formicidae: Ponerinae: Ectatommini). Caldasia 16(79), 249-257.

Fernández, C.F. 2000. Estado del conocimiento de las hormigas (Formicidae) en Colombia. pp. 240-243. In: Martín-Piera, F., J.J. Morrone, and A. Melic (eds.). Hacia un proyecto CYTED para el inventario y estimación de la diversidad entomológica en Iberoamérica: PrIBES -2000. Vol. 1. Sociedad Entomológica Aragonesa, Zaragoza, Spain.

Fernández, C.F. 2001. Hormigas de Colombia. IX: Nueva especie de Lenomyrmex (Formicidae: Myrmicinae). Rev. Colomb. Entomol. 27(3-4), 201-204.

Fernández, C.F. 2002a. Revisión de las hormigas Camponotus subgénero Dendromyrmex (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Pap. Avulsos Zool. 42(4), 47-100.

Fernández, C.F. 2002b. New ant records for Colombia and South America (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Rev. Colomb. Entomol. 28(2), 215.

Fernández, C.F. 2004a. The american species of the Myrmicine ant genus Carebara Westwood (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Caldasia 26(1), 191-238.

Fernández, C.F. 2007. Subfamilia Ponerinae s. str. pp. 123-218. In: Jiménez, E., F. Fernández, T.M. Arias, and F. Lozano- Zambrano (eds.). Sistemática, biogeografía y conservación de las hormigas cazadoras de Colombia. Instituto de Recursos Biológicos Alexander von Humboldt, Bogota.

Fernández, C.F. and M.L. Baena. 1997. Hormigas de Colombia VII: Nuevas especies de los géneros Lachnomyrmex Wheeler y Megalomyrmex Forel (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Caldasia 19(1-2), 109-114.

Fernández, C.F., M. Baena, and E.E. Palacio. 1996a. Hormigas de Colombia V: El género Stenamma Westwood (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Myrmicinae). Tacaya 5, 9-10.

Fernández, F. and J. Guerrero. 2008. Technomyrmex (Formicidae: Dolichoderinae) in the New World: synopsis and description of a new species. Rev. Colomb. Entomol. 34(1), 110-115.

Fernández, F. and E.E. Palacio. 1999. Lenomyrmex, an enigmatic new ant genus from the Neotropical region (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Myrmicinae). Syst. Entomol. 24, 7-16.

Fernández, C.F., G.E.E. Palacio, W.P. Mackay, and E. Mackay. 1996b. Introducción al estudio de las hormigas (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) de Colombia. pp. 349-399. In: Andrade, G., G. Amat, and F. Fernández (eds.). Insectos de Colombia, estudios escogidos. Academia Colombiana de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales; Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogota.

Fernández, F. and S. Sendoya. 2004. Lista de las hormigas Neotropicales. Biota Colomb. 5(1), 1-93.

Fernández, C.F. and E. Wilson. 2008. José Celestino Mutis, the ants, and Pheidole mutisi sp. nov. Rev. Colomb. Entomol. 34(2), 203-208.

Forel, A. 1899. Biologia Centrali-Americana; or, contributions to the knowledge of the fauna and flora of Mexico and Central America. Insecta. Hymenoptera. 3 (Formicidae). Unknown Publisher, London. pp. 111-111.

Forel, A. 1904. Miscellanea myrmécologiques. Rev. Suisse Zool. 12, 1-52.

Forel, A. 1907. Formicides du Musée Nacional Hongrois. Ann. Hist.- Nat. Mus. Natl. Hung. 5, 1-42.

Galvis, J.P. and F. Fernández. 2009. Ants of Colombia X. Acanthognathus with the description of a new species (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Rev. Colomb. Entomol. 35(2), 2-9.

Gómez C., E.A. 2001. Estudio de insectos, ácaros fitófagos y sus enemigos naturales asociadas a cinco especies forestales en el área de influencia del embalse Porce II. Undergraduate thesis. Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Medellin, Colombia.

Gregory-Wodzicki, K.M. 2000. Uplift history of the Central and Northern Andes: A review. Geol. Soc. Amer. Bull. 112(7), 1091-1105.

Guerrero, R.J., J. Delabie, and A. Dejean. 2010. Taxonomic contribution to the aurita group of the ant genus Azteca (Formicidae: Dolichoderinae). J. Hymenoptera Res. 19(1), 51-65.

Guerrero, R.J. 2009. First record of the ant genus Myrcidris (Formicidae: Pseudomyrmecinae) from Colombia. Rev. Colomb. Entomol. 35(1), 103-104.

Guerrero, R.J. and C.F. Fernandez. 2008. A new species of the ant genus Forelius (Formicidae: Dolichoderinae) from the dry forest of Colombia. Zootaxa 1958, 51-60.

Guerrero, R.J. and C. Sanabria. 2011. The first record of the genus Gracilidris (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Dolichoderinae) from Colombia. Rev. Colomb. Entomol. 37(1), 159-161.

Guerrero, R.J. and D.Y. Olivero. 2007. Nuevos registros de hormigas del Caribe Colombiano, incluyendo claves taxonómicas para Acanthoponera, Heteroponera y Platythyrea. Rev. Colomb. Entomol. 33(2), 193-196.

Hernández, C.J., Q.R. Ortiz, T. Walschburger, and G.A. Hurtado. 1992. Estado de la biodiversidad en Colombia. pp. 41-43. In: Halffter, G. (ed.). La diversidad biológica de Iberoamérica I. Special volume. Acta Zoológica Mexicana; CYTED , Mexico DF.

IGAC, Instituto Geográfico Agustín Codazzi. 2007. Antioquia. Características geográficas. Bogota.

Kempf, W.W. 1972. Catalogo abreviado das formigas da Regiao Neotropical. Studia Entomol. 15, 3-344.

Kimsey, L.S. 1992. Biogeography of the Panamian regions, from ant insect perspective. pp. 14-24. In: Quintero, D. and A. Aiello (eds.). Insects of Panama and Mesoamerica. Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK.

LaPolla, J.S. 2004. Acropyga (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) of the world. Contrib. Amer. Entomol. Inst. 33(3), 1-130.

Lattke, J. 1991. Studies of Neotropical Amblyopone Erichson (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Contrib. Sci. 428, 1-7.

Lattke, J.E. 1997. Revisión del género Apterostigma Mayr (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Arq. Zool. 34(5), 121-221.

Lattke, J.E. 2000. Specimen processing. Building and curating an ant collection. pp. 155-171. In: Agosti, D., J. Majer, L. Alonso, and T. Schultz (eds.). Ants standard methods for measuring and monitoring biodiversity. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washinghton DC ; London.

Lattke, J.E. 2003. Biogeografía de las hormigas neotropicales. pp. 65-85. In: Fernández, F. (ed.). Introducción a las hormigas de la región Neotropical. Instituto de Recursos Biológicos Alexander von Humboldt, Bogota.

Lattke, J.E., F. Fernández, T.M. Arias-Penna, E.E. Palacio, W. Mackay, and E. Mackay. 2007a. Género Gnamptogenys Roger. pp. 66-100. In: Arias-Penna, T.M. (ed.). Subfamilia Ectatomminae. pp. 53-107. In: Jiménez, E., F. Fernández, T.M. Arias, and F.H. Lozano-Zambrano (eds.). Sistemática, biogeografía y conservación de las hormigas cazadoras de Colombia. Instituto de Recursos Biológicos Alexander von Humboldt, Bogota.

Lattke, J.E., F. Fernández and E.E. Palacio. 2007b. Identification of species of Gnamptogenys Roger in the Americas. pp. 254-270. In: Snelling, R.R., B.L. Fisher, and P.S. Ward (eds.). Advances in ant systematics (Hymenoptera: Formicidae): Homage to E.O. Wilson-50 years of contributions. Vol. 80. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute. Gainesville, FL.

Longino, J.T. 2003. The Crematogaster (Hymenoptera, Formicidae, Myrmicinae) of Costa Rica. Zootaxa 151, 1-150.

Longino, J.T. 2005. Solenopsis subterranea Mackay and Vinson 1989. In: The Evergreen State College, http://http://academic.evergreen. edu/projects/ants/genera/solenopsis/species/subterranea/ subterranea.html; consulted: November, 2013.

Longino, J.T. 2007. A taxonomic review of the genus Azteca (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in Costa Rica and a global revision of the aurita group. Zootaxa 1491, 1-63.

Longino, J.T. and R.R. Snelling. 2002. A taxonomic revision of the Procryptocerus (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) of Central America. Contrib. Sci. 495, 1-30.

Longino, J.T. 2011. Longino Homepage. In: The Evergreen State College, http://academic.evergreen.edu/projects/ants/home. htm; consulted: November, 2013.

Lozano-Zambrano, F.H., E. Jiménez, T.M. Arias-Penna, A.M. Arcila, J. Rodríguez, and D.P. Ramírez. 2007. Biogeografía de las hormigas cazadoras de Colombia. pp. 349-406. In: Jiménez, E., F. Fernández, T.M. Arias, and F. Lozano-Zambrano (eds.). Sistemática, biogeografía y conservación de las hormigas cazadoras de Colombia. Instituto de Recursos Biológicos Alexander von Humboldt, Bogota.

Mackay, W.P. 1993. A review of the New World ants of the genus Dolichoderus (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Sociobiology 22(1), 1-148.

Mackay, W.P., E. Mackay, F. Fernández, and T.M. Arias-Penna. 2007. Género Pachycondyla. pp. 170-200. In: Fernández, F. (ed.). Subfamilia Ponerinae s.str. pp. 123-218. In: Jiménez, E., F. Fernández, T.M. Arias, and F. Lozano-Zambrano (eds.). Sistemática, biogeografía y conservación de las hormigas cazadoras de Colombia. Instituto de Recursos Biológicos Alexander von Humboldt, Bogota.

MacKay, W.P. and S.B. Vinson. 1989. Two new ants of the genus Solenopsis (Diplorhoptrum) from eastern Texas (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. 91, 175-178.

Morrone, J.J. 2006. Biogeographic areas and transition zones of Latin America and The Caribbean Islands based on Panbiogeographic and Cladistic analyses of the entomofauna. Annu. Rev. Entomol. 51, 467-494.

Palacio, E. 1997. Hormigas de Colombia IV. Dos nuevas especies de Octostruma (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Basicerotini). Caldasia 19(3), 409-418.

Palacio, E. 1999. Hormigas legionarias (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Ecitoninae) de Colombia. pp. 117-189. In: Amat, G., G. Andrade, and F. Fernández (eds.). Insectos de Colombia, estudios escogidos. Vol. II. Academia Colombiana de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales; Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogota.

Prance, G.T. 1986. La taxonomía y su relación con las ciencias agrícolas. Rev. Acad. Colomb. Cienc. Exact. Fís. Natur. 16(61), 89-94.

Sandoval G., V.E. 2005. Reconocimiento taxonómico de las especies de hormigas del género Cephalotes Latreille, 1802 (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Myrmicinae) de Colombia. Undergraduate thesis. Faculty of Natural Sciences, Exact and Education. Universidad del Cauca, Popayan, Colombia.

Schneider, L. 1990. Hormigas de la tribu Dolichoderini (Formicidae: Dolichoderinae) en Colombia. Undergraduate thesis. Faculty of Sciences, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogota. SAA, Secretaria de Agricultura de Antioquia. 2002. Anuario estadístico del sector agropecuario en el departamento de Antioquia. Secretaria de Agricultura y Desarrollo Rural, Gobernación de Antioquia, Medellin, Colombia.

Serna C., F.J. 1999. Hormigas de la zona de influencia del proyecto hidroeléctrico Porce II. M.Sc. thesis. Faculty of Sciences, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Medellin, Colombia.

Serna C, F.J. 2002. Primer registro de Stegomyrmex (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Myrmicinae) para Colombia. Caldasia 24(1), 217-219.

Serna C., F.J. and E.V. Vergara-Navarro. 2001. Claves para la identificación de subfamilias y géneros de hormigas de Antioquia y Choco, Colombia. Rev. Inst. Cienc. Natur. Ecol. 7(1), 5-41.

Serna C., F.J. and E.V. Vergara-Navarro. 2007a. Hormigas cazadoras de Porce (Antioquia, Colombia). pp. 553-572. In: Jiménez, E., F. Fernández, T.M. Arias, and F. Lozano-Zambrano. (eds.). Sistemática, biogeografía y conservación de las hormigas cazadoras de Colombia. Instituto de Recursos Biológicos Alexander von Humboldt, Bogota.

Serna C., F.J and E.V. Vergara-Navarro. 2007b. Historia natural de las hormigas cazadoras del departamento de Antioquia (Colombia). pp. 573-592. In: Jiménez, E., F. Fernández, T.M. Arias, and F. Lozano-Zambrano (eds.). Sistemática, biogeografía y conservación de las hormigas cazadoras de Colombia. Instituto de Recursos Biológicos Alexander von Humboldt, Bogota.

Sossa-Calvo, J. and J.T. Longino. 2007. Subfamilia Proceratiinae. pp. 219-237. In: Jiménez, E., F. Fernández, T.M. Arias, and F. Lozano-Zambrano (eds.). Sistemática, biogeografía y conservación de las hormigas cazadoras de Colombia. Instituto de Recursos Biológicos Alexander von Humboldt, Bogota.

Toro, E. 2002. Composición y diversidad de hormigas en algunas áreas protegidas del Valle de Aburra. M.Sc. thesis. Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Medellin, Colombia.

Toro-Villegas, G.E. 2006. Geología del departamento de Antioquia, pp. 77-83. In: Hermelin, M. (ed.). Geografía de Antioquia. Fondo Editorial Universidad Eafit, Medellin, Colombia.

Vahos V., A.A. 2004. Hormigas como indicadoras del grado de perturbación en fragmentos de bosque. Undergraduate thesis. Faculty of Sciences Agricultural, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Medellin, Colombia.

Vélez, R. 1990. Por qué es importante clasificar los organismos? Colombia, Ciencia y Tecnología 8(3), 27-28.

Vergara-Navarro, E.V., H. Echavarría, and F. Serna. 2007. Hormigas (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) asociadas al arboretum de la Universidad Nacional de Colombia, sede Medellín. Boletín de la SE A 40, 497-505.

Ward, P.S. 2008. Provisional key to the species of Pseudomyrmex (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) of Costa Rica, based on the worker caste. In: The Ward ANT Lab, http://wardlab.files.wordpress. com/2010/05/psecrkey.pdf; November, 2013.

Ward, P.S. 1999. Systematics, biogeography and host plant associations of the Pseudomyrmex viduus group (Hymenptera Formicidae), Triplaris - and Tachigali-inhabiting ants. Zool. J. Linn. Soc. 126, 451- 540.

Ward, P.S. 2007. Phylogeny, classification, and species-level taxonomy of ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Zootaxa 1668, 549-563.

Weber, N.A. 1940. The biology of the fungus growing ants. Part VI. Key to Cyphomyrmex, new Attini and a new guest ant. Rev. Entomol. 11(1-2), 406-427.

Weber, N.A. 1945. The biology of the fungus growing ants. Part VIII. The Trinidad, B.W.I., Species. Rev. Entomol. 16(1-2), 1-83. Weber, N.A. 1958. Nomenclatural notes on Proatta and Atta (Hym.: Formicidae). Entomol. News 69, 7-13.

Wild, A. 2005. Taxonomic revision of the Pachycondyla apicalis species complex (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Zootaxa 834, 1-25.

Wild, A. 2007. Taxonomic revision of the ant genus Linepithema (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Univ. Calif. Publ. Entomol. 126, 1-162.

Wilson, E.O. 2003. Pheidole in the New world. A dominant, hyperdiverse ant genus. Harvard University press, Cambridge, London.

Yepes R., F., F. Serna C., and A. Madrigal. 1999. Anotaciones acerca de la hormiga arriera Atta cephalotes (L.) (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). pp. 267-273. In: Memorias de Aconteceres Entomológicos. Para Comprender los Insectos: Estudiarlos. Grupo de Entomología, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Medellin, Colombia.

Zabala, G.A., G. Vargas, C. Gutiérrez, W. Cardona, M. Chávez, K. Fierro, and P. Chacón de Ulloa. 2003. Hormigas cazadoras (Formicidae: Ponerinae) del Museo de Entomología de la Universidad del Valle. p. 104. In: Resúmenes XXX Congreso de la Sociedad Colombiana de Entomología. Socolen, Cali, Colombia.

Zabala G., M. Vélez, and C. Góngora. 2006. Nuevos registros de especies de hormigas (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) para Colombia. Rev. Colomb. Entomol. 32(2), 227-229.