Published

2014-05-01

Effect of nitrogen and potassium fertilization on the production and quality of oil in Jatropha curcas L. under the dry and warm climate conditions of Colombia

Efecto de la fertilización con nitrógeno y potasio sobre la producción y calidad de aceite de Jatropha curcas L. en condiciones de clima cálido y seco de Colombia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.15446/agron.colomb.v32n2.43265

Keywords:

vegetable oils, fatty acids, biodiesel, Euphorbiaceae, fertilization (en)
aceites vegetales, ácidos grasos, biodiesel, Euphorbiaceae, fertilización (es)

Authors

  • Omar Montenegro R. Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria (Corpoica) - Espinal - Nataima Research Center
  • Stanislav Magnitskiy Universidad Nacional de Colombia - Sede Bogotá - Faculty of Agricultural Sciences - Departament of Agronomy
  • Martha C. Henao T. Universidad Nacional de Colombia - Sede Bogotá - Faculty of Agricultural Sciences - Departament of Agronomy
This study was conducted to assess fruit and seed yield, oil content and oil composition of Jatropha curcas fertilized with different doses of nitrogen and potassium in Espinal (Tolima, Colombia). The yields ranged from 4,570 to 8,800 kg ha-1 of fruits and from 2,430 to 4,746 kg ha-1 of seeds. These yields showed that the fertilizer dose of 150 kg ha-1 N + 120 kg ha-1K increased fruit production by 92% and seed production by 95%, which represents an increase of about 100% in oil production, which increased from 947 to 1,900 kg ha-1. The total oil content in the seeds ranged from 38.7 to 40.1% (w/w) with a high content of the unsaturated fatty acids oleic (> 47%) and linoleic acid (> 29%). The highest content of oleic acid in the seed oil was from the unfertilized control plants and plants with an application of 100 kg ha-1 of N and 60 kg ha-1 of K, with an average of 48%. The lowest content of oleic acid was registered when a low dose of nitrogen and a high level of potassium were applied at a ratio of 1:2.4 and doses of 50 kg ha-1 N + 120 kg ha-1 K, respectively. Low contents of the saturated fatty acids palmitic (13.4%) and stearic (7.26%) were obtained, making this oil suitable for biodiesel production. The nitrogen was a more important nutrient for the production and quality of oil in J. curcas than potassium under the studied conditions of soil and climate.
Este estudio se realizó para evaluar la respuesta a la fertilización con N y K en la producción de frutos, semillas, contenido y composición de aceite de Jatropha curcas, en El Espinal (Tolima, Colombia). Las producciones oscilaron entre 4.570 y 8.800 kg ha-1 de frutos y las semillas entre 2.430 y 4.746 kg ha-1. Estos rendimientos mostraron que la fertilización con dosis de 150 kg ha-1 de N + 120 kg ha-1 de K, incrementó la producción de frutos en 92% y la de semillas en 95%, lo cual representa un aumento del 100% en la producción de aceite, desde 947 a 1,900 kg ha-1. Las semillas presentaron un contenido de aceite entre el 38,7 al 40,1% (w/w), con altos contenidos de ácidos grasos insaturados oléico (>47%) y linoléico (>29%). Los mayores contenidos de ácido graso oleico se obtuvieron en los aceites de las semillas provenientes de plantas testigo sin fertilización y en plantas con la aplicación de 100 kg ha-1 de N y 60 kg ha-1 de K, con promedio del 48%. El menor nivel del ácido oleico se presentó cuando se aplicó un nivel bajo de nitrógeno y alto de potasio, en relación 1:2,4, con dosis de 50 kg ha-1 de N + 120 kg ha-1 de K. Los contenidos de ácidos grasos saturados palmítico y esteárico fueron bajos, con 13,4 y 7,26%, respectivamente, lo que indica que el aceite obtenido resulta adecuado para la producción de biodiesel. El nitrógeno resultó más importante en la producción y calidad de aceite que el potasio, en las condiciones de clima y suelos estudiados.

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Montenegro R., O., Magnitskiy, S., & Henao T., M. C. (2014). Effect of nitrogen and potassium fertilization on the production and quality of oil in Jatropha curcas L. under the dry and warm climate conditions of Colombia. Agronomía Colombiana, 32(2), 255-265. https://doi.org/10.15446/agron.colomb.v32n2.43265