Published

2014-09-01

Determination of the minimum dry matter index for the optimum harvest of 'Hass' avocado fruits in Colombia

Determinación del índicemínimo de materia seca para la óptimacosecha del aguacate 'Hass' en Colombia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.15446/agron.colomb.v32n3.46031

Keywords:

Persea americana Mill., oil percentage, maturity index, quality, region, Antioquia (en)
Persea americana Mill., porcentaje de aceite, índice de madurez, calidad, región, Antioquia. (es)

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Authors

  • Catarina Pedro Carvalho Corporacion Colombiana de Investigacion Agropecuaria (CORPOICA)
  • María Alejandra Velásquez Corporacion Colombiana de Investigacion Agropecuaria (CORPOICA)
  • Zelda Van Rooyen Westfalia Technological Services
Colombia has become an important producer of 'Hass' avocado in the last three years; however, a minimum dry matter content has not been established as a maturity index for harvest. The aim of this study was to determine the correlation between oil percentage and dry matter content in order to establish a minimum harvest index for 'Hass' avocado fruits grown in Colombia. Samples were collected for maturity determinations over three years of 'Hass' avocado fruit cultivation from fifteen different orchards in the department of Antioquia in order to determine the dry matter and oil percentage of fruits throughout the season. A simple linear relationship between oil content and dry matter was thus established. The equations for all of the studied orchards presented a good correlation coefficient, ranging between 0.70 on the Cartucho orchard in the municipality of Retiro and 0.99 on the Gacamayas and Paraiso orchards in the municipality of Entrerrios and Retiro. Using the minimal oil standard of 11.2% as a reference, the orchards that were found to have a high dry matter percentage at harvest were Cartucho in Retiro (26%), followed by Piedras Blancas and Santa Cruz in the municipality of Venecia (25%); while the 'Hass' avocado fruit from the Cebadero orchard in Retiro, Coconi in the municipality of La Ceja and Guacamayas in Entrerrios reached this oil standard at 22% dry matter, which could be a commercial advantage. Based on these oil content results, a minimal dry matter index of 23.5% was proposed as a harvest maturity indicator for 'Hass' avocado grown in Colombia. This harvesting index will need to be refined over time and with the addition of samples from more regions and climatic data profiles.

Colombia se ha convertido en un importante productor de aguacate 'Hass' en los últimos tres años. Sin embargo, no se ha establecido aún un contenido mínimo de materia seca para cosecha. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar la correlación entre el porcentaje de aceite y material seca para definir un índice mínimo de cosecha para el avocado 'Hass' cultivados en Colombia. Se recogieron muestras de frutos de aguacate 'Hass' durante más de tres años en quince fincas diferentes en el departamento de Antioquia para determinar el porcentaje de materia seca y aceite de la fruta durante la temporada. Se estableció una relación lineal simples entre el contenido de aceite y materia seca para el departamento de Antioquia. Las ecuaciones para todas las fincas estudiadas presentaron un buen coeficiente de correlación, que osciló entre 0,70 en la finca Cartucho del municipio de Retiro y 0,99 en las fincas Gacamayas y Paraíso de los municipios de Entrerrios y Retiro, respectivamente. Utilizando como referencia el 11,2% para el estándar mínimo de aceite, las fincas que registraron un porcentaje de materia seca más alto para cosecha fueron Cartucho del Retiro (26%), seguida de Piedras Blancas y Santa Cruz para el municipio de Venecia (25%), mientras que las fincas Cebadero del Retiro, Coconi del municipio de La Ceja y Guacamayas de Entrerrios, alcanzaron este mismo porcentaje con 22% de materia seca, lo que puede ser considerado una ventaja comercial. A partir de estos resultados de contenido de aceite un índice mínimo de materia seca de 23,5% fue propuesto como indicador de la madurez para cosecha de aguacate 'Hass' cultivado en Colombia. Este índice de cosecha deberá ser refinado con el tiempo y con la adición de muestras de más regiones y datos climáticos.

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Determination of the minimum dry matter index for the optimum harvest of ’Hass’ avocado fruits in Colombia. (2014). Agronomía Colombiana, 32(3), 399-406. https://doi.org/10.15446/agron.colomb.v32n3.46031

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