Published

2015-01-01

Development and validation of a bi-directional allele-specific PCR tool for differentiation in nurseries of dura, tenera and pisifera oil palms

Desarrollo y validación de una metodología basada en PCR alelo específica bidireccional para diferenciación en vivero de palmas de aceite tipo dura, tenera y pisifera

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.15446/agron.colomb.v33n1.47988

Keywords:

SHELL gene, endocarp thickness, fruit type, oil yield, molecular breeding (en)
gen SHELL, grosor de endocarpio, tipo de fruto, rendimiento de aceite, selección asistida por marcadores moleculares (es)

Authors

  • Paola A. Reyes Oil Palm Biology and Breeding Research Program, Colombian Oil Palm Research Center (Cenipalma). Bogotá
  • Juan Camilo Ochoa Oil Palm Biology and Breeding Research Program, Colombian Oil Palm Research Center (Cenipalma). Bogotá
  • Carmenza Montoya Oil Palm Biology and Breeding Research Program, Colombian Oil Palm Research Center (Cenipalma). Bogotá
  • Edison Daza Oil Palm Biology and Breeding Research Program, Colombian Oil Palm Research Center (Cenipalma). Bogotá
  • Ivan M. Ayala Oil Palm Biology and Breeding Research Program, Colombian Oil Palm Research Center (Cenipalma). Bogotá
  • Hernán Mauricio Romero Universidad Nacional de Colombia - Sede Bogotá - Facultad de Ciencias - Departamento de Biología
Oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) fruits are classified by shell thickness into three types: dura, pisifera, and tenera, the last one being the product of a dura × pisifera cross. The palm oil industry relies on the use of high-yield tenera plant material for production; however, it is usually generated with female infertile pisifera, so early identification of this trait is very important to oil production and breeding programs. Recently, the mapping and sequencing of the SHELL gene, which is responsible for endocarp formation in oil palms, made it possible to identify two mutations (type SNP, single nucleotide polymorphism) that affect its function and that are useful to developing molecular markers for predicting shell thickness. The aim of this study was to standardize PCR-based methodologies in order to detect the SNP observed in codon 30 and validate it under our E. guineensis biological collections. We achieved the differentiation of SHELL alleles with both allele specific PCR and CAPS with the restriction enzyme HindIII in homozygous and heterozygous plants that contained the described mutation, and the prediction was correlated with the phenotype observed in oil palm fruits. These methodologies facilitated the discrimination of plants by fruit type in nursery and pre-nursery stages 24 months before production started, thereby reducing the time and area used in oil palm breeding programs.

De acuerdo con el grosor del cuesco, los tipos de fruto de palma de aceite (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) se clasifican en tres: durapisifera y tenera; siendo el último la variante heterocigoto de los alelos que generan los dos primeros. La mayor productividad, en términos de cantidad de aceite en el cultivo, se logra al sembrar únicamente materiales tipo tenera, sin embargo estos se generan utilizando como parental el material pisifera, el cual presenta en la mayoría de los casos infertilidad femenina. Recientemente el mapeo genético y secuenciación del gen SHELL, el cual está involucrado en la formación del cuesco en el fruto, permitió determinar que las variantes fenotípicas en el fruto se deben a dos mutaciones tipo SNP (polimorfismo de un solo nucleótido) en este, lo cual permitiría el desarrollo de marcadores moleculares capaces de diferenciar estas mutaciones. El objetivo de este trabajo es estandarizar una metodología basada en PCR, que permita identificar el SNP observado en el codón 30 y validarlo en las colecciones biológicas con las que se trabajó. Mediante PCR alelo específico y CAPS con la enzima de restricción HindIII, se logró identificar la mutación del codón 30 en individuos homocigotos y heterocigotos y el fenotipo predicho concordó perfectamente con el tipo de fruto observado. Estas metodologías permiten la discriminación de plantas de palma de aceite por tipo de fruto en las fases de vivero y previvero, hasta 24 meses antes de que empiece la fase productiva, con la intención de reducir el espacio y el tiempo de los programas de mejoramiento vegetal.

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Development and validation of a bi-directional allele-specific PCR tool for differentiation in nurseries of dura, tenera and pisifera oil palms. (2015). Agronomía Colombiana, 33(1), 5-10. https://doi.org/10.15446/agron.colomb.v33n1.47988