Brachiaria humidicola (Rendle) Schweickerdt, waterlogging tolerant (left) and Brachiaria ruziziensis Germain et Everard, waterlogging susceptible, after 15 days of flooding (right). Photographs taken by J.A. Cardoso Arango, Plant Ecophysiologist, Tropica

Published

2015-01-01

Metabolites produced by antagonistic microbes inhibit the principal avocado pathogens in vitro

Metabolitos producidos por microorganismos antagonistas son capaces de inhibir in vitro los principales patógenos del aguacate

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.15446/agron.colomb.v33n1.48241

Keywords:

Persea americana, postharvest diseases, Phytophthora cinnamomi, secondary metabolites, rhizobacteria (en)
Persea americana, enfermedades poscosecha, Phytophthora cinnamomi, metabolitos secundarios, rizobacterias (es)

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Authors

  • Sara Ramírez R. Politécnico Colombiano Jaime Isaza Cadavid - School of Chemistry
  • Julián David Arias M. Plant Health and Biological Control Unit, Corporación para Investigaciones Biológicas. Medellin
  • Juan Carlos Bedoya Institución Universitaria Colegio Mayor de Antioquia - Faculty of Health Sciences
  • Ever Antoni Rueda L. Universidad del Tolima - Faculty of Sciences
  • Claudia Yaneth Sánchez Politécnico Colombiano Jaime Isaza Cadavid - School of Chemistry
  • Sinar David Granada G. Plant Health and Biological Control Unit, Corporación para Investigaciones Biológicas. Medellin
The demand for Hass avocado in the global market exceeds the supply by over 50%. Colombia has a remarkable advantage as a producer in the region due to its high yields. However, the productivity of this crop can be seriously affected by diseases such as root rot, caused by Phytophthora cinnamomi, postharvest body rot and stem end rot, caused by Colletotrichum sp. and Phomopsis sp., respectively. The potential of 76 bacterial isolates obtained from avocado rhizosphere to produce inhibitory metabolites against avocado's pathogens was evaluated. The antagonistic effect of the rhizobacteria against P. cinnamomi, Colletotrichum sp. and Phomopsis sp. was tested through dual cultures. Thirty-six percent of the tested isolates presented inhibition halos against P. cinnamomi, 36% against Colletotrichum sp. and 67% against Phomopsis sp. Additionally, three isolates were selected for fermentation tests using different broth cultures. The extracts obtained from fermentations in the minimal medium of isolates ARP5.1 and AED06 showed inhibitory activity against the evaluated pathogens, but this effect was not observed with the AED26 extract. The media supplemented with copper chloride did not enhance activity of the extracts. These results suggest that using microbial metabolic extracts is a viable alternative for controlling avocado pathogens in vitro.

La demanda mundial de aguacate Hass supera la oferta en más de un 50%. A pesar de los altos rendimientos de este cultivo en Colombia, la productividad se ve seriamente afectada por enfermedades como la pudrición de la raíz, causada por Phytophthora cinnamomi, y las pudriciones poscosecha causadas por Colletotrichum sp. y Phomopsis sp. En este trabajo se evaluó el potencial de 76 aislamientos bacterianos obtenidos de la rizósfera de plantas de aguacate, para la producción de metabolitos con actividad inhibitoria frente a patógenos del cultivo. El efecto antagonista de las rizobacterias frente a P. cinnamomi, Colletotrichum sp. y Phomopsis sp. fue probado a través de cultivos duales. El 36% de los aislamientos evaluados mostraron halos de inhibición frente a P. cinnamomi, 36% frente a Colletotrichum sp. y 67% frente a Phomopsis sp. Tres de los aislamientos más promisorios se fermentaron en diferentes medios de cultivo líquidos. Los extractos de los aislamientos ARP5.1 y AED06 a partir de medio mínimo mostraron actividad inhibitoria frente a los patógenos. Los medios suplementados con cloruro de cobre no incrementaron la actividad de los extractos. Estos resultados demostraron la viabilidad de utilizar extractos metabólicos microbianos como una alternativa para controlar in vitro los patógenos de aguacate.

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How to Cite

Ramírez R., S., Arias M., J. D., Bedoya, J. C., Rueda L., E. A., Sánchez, C. Y., & Granada G., S. D. (2015). Metabolites produced by antagonistic microbes inhibit the principal avocado pathogens in vitro. Agronomía Colombiana, 33(1), 58-63. https://doi.org/10.15446/agron.colomb.v33n1.48241

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