Brachiaria humidicola (Rendle) Schweickerdt, waterlogging tolerant (left) and Brachiaria ruziziensis Germain et Everard, waterlogging susceptible, after 15 days of flooding (right). Photographs taken by J.A. Cardoso Arango, Plant Ecophysiologist, Tropica

Published

2015-01-01

Influence of soil fertility on waterlogging tolerance of two Brachiaria grasses

Influencia de la fertilidad del suelo en la tolerancia a inundación en dos pastos de Brachiaria

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.15446/agron.colomb.v33n1.48412

Keywords:

tropical pastures, adaptation, abiotic stress, nutrients (en)
pasturas tropicales, adaptación, estrés abiótico, nutrientes (es)

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Authors

  • Juan de la Cruz Jiménez Centro Internacional de Agricultura Tropical (CIAT)
  • Juan Andrés Cardoso Centro Internacional de Agricultura Tropical (CIAT)
  • David Arango-Londoño Centro Internacional de Agricultura Tropical (CIAT)
  • Gerhard Fischer Universidad Nacional de Colombia - Sede Bogotá - Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias - Departamento de Agronomía https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8101-0507
  • Idupulapati Rao Centro Internacional de Agricultura Tropical (CIAT)
As a consequence of global warming, rainfall is expected to increase in several regions around the world. This, together with poor soil drainage, will result in waterlogged soil conditions. Brachiaria grasses are widely sown in the tropics and, these grasses confront seasonal waterlogged conditions. Several studies have indicated that an increase in nutrient availability could reduce the negative impact of waterlogging. Therefore, an outdoor study was conducted to evaluate the responses of two Brachiaria sp. grasses with contrasting tolerances to waterlogging, B. ruziziensis (sensitive) and B. humidicola (tolerant), with two soil fertility levels. The genotypes were grown with two different soil fertilization levels (high and low) and under well-drained or waterlogged soil conditions for 15 days. The biomass production, chlorophyll content, photosynthetic efficiency, and macro- (N, P, K, Ca, Mg and S) and micronutrient (Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn and B) contents in the shoot tissue were determined. Significant differences in the nutrient content of the genotypes and treatments were found. An increase of redoximorphic elements (Fe and Mn) in the soil solution occurred with the waterlogging. The greater tolerance of B. humidicola to waterlogged conditions might be due to an efficient root system that is able to acquire nutrients (N, P, K) and potentially exclude phytotoxic elements (Fe and Mn) under waterlogged conditions. A high nutrient availability in the waterlogged soils did not result in an improved tolerance for B. ruziziensis. The greater growth impairment seen in the B. ruziziensis with high soil fertility and waterlogging (as opposed to low soil fertility and waterlogging) was possibly due to an increased concentration of redoximorphic elements under these conditions.
Como consecuencia del calentamiento global se prevén aumentos en las precipitaciones de algunas regiones alrededor del mundo. Esto, unido a malos drenajes de los suelos, provoca condiciones de encharcamiento. Las pasturas de Brachiaria son sembradas ampliamente en los trópicos americanos y periódicamente están expuestas a condiciones de anegamiento. Se ha demostrado que en condiciones de anegamiento, un aumento en la disponibilidad de nutrientes puede aumentar la producción de biomasa de las plantas. Por este motivo se condujo un estudio para evaluar las respuestas de dos genotipos de Brachiaria contrastantes por su tolerancia a inundación: B. ruziziensis (sensible) y B. humidicola (tolerante). Los genotipos crecieron en suelo con dos niveles contrastantes de fertilidad (alta y baja) y en condiciones de drenaje o anegamiento durante 15 días. Producción de biomasa, contenido de clorofila, eficiencia fotosintética y contenido de macro (N, P, K, Ca, Mg y S) y micro nutrientes (Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn y B) en parte aérea fueron determinados. Diferencias estadísticas en el contenido de nutrientes entre los diferentes genotipos y tratamientos fueron encontradas. Así mismo, se presentó un incremento en los elementos redoximórficos (Fe y Mn) en suelos anegados. La gran tolerancia de B. humidicola a suelos anegados pudo ser debida a un eficiente sistema radical capaz de tomar nutrientes (N, P, K) y excluir nutrientes potencialmente fitotóxicos (Fe y Mn) bajo condiciones de inundación. La mayor disponibilidad de nutrientes en suelo no aumentó la producción de biomasa en B. ruziziensis bajo condiciones de anegamiento. Se observó una gran disminución de crecimiento de B. ruziziensis en suelos anegados y alta fertilidad (en comparación a baja fertilidad y anegamiento), posiblemente asociada a un aumento en la concentración de elementos redoximórficos (Fe y Mn) en suelos anegados.

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Influence of soil fertility on waterlogging tolerance of two Brachiaria grasses. (2015). Agronomía Colombiana, 33(1), 20-28. https://doi.org/10.15446/agron.colomb.v33n1.48412

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